WT/DS146/R

WT/DS175/R

28 January 2002

India – Measures Affecting the Automotive Sector

    Complaint by the European Communities (DS146) / the United States (DS175)

Report of the panel

 

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$B#E#C(B(European Communities)$B!"JF9q(B(United States)

 

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Mr. John Weekes (chairperson)

Ms. Gloria Peña

Mr. Jeffrey Waincymer

 

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$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T(B(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; $B#1#9#9#4G/$N4X@G5Z$SKG0W$K4X$9$k0lHL6(Dj!"#D#S#U(B(Understanding on Rules and Procedures; $BJ6Ah2r7h$K78$k5,B'5Z$S)

 

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$B#1!%%i%$%;%s%7%s%0@)EY(B(The Licensing Regime)

$B!!%$%s%I$O!"9q:]<};YMJ8n$rM}M3$H$7$?M"F~@)8B$rD9G/E,MQ$7$F$$$?$,!"#1#9#9#7G/!"#W#T#OJ6Ah=hM}(DS90: US, DS91: Australia, DS92: Canada, DS93: New Zealand, DS94: Switzerland, DS96: EC)$B$N7k2L!"#E#C$H$N4V$G$O#2#0#0#3G/#37n#3#1F|$^$G$KF1@)8B$rE12s$9$k$3$H$rLsB+$7$?6(Dj!J!V#1#9#9#7G/6(Dj!W!K$K9g0U$7$?!#0lJ}%$%s%I$HJF9q$H$N6(5D$O%Q%M%k5Z$S>e5i0Q0w2q$G$N?3M}$K$^$G;j$j!"#1#9#9#9G/#97n#2#2F|:NBr$5$l$?%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$OF1Ar0cH?$rG'$a$?!#$3$l$r (discretionary import licensing)$B$rE,MQ$7$F$$$?!#<+F0(completely and semi-knocked down)$B%-%C%H$NM"F~$KBP$7$FM"F~%i%$%;%s%7%s%0@)EY$,E,MQ$5$l$F$$$?$,!"#2#0#0#1G/#47n#1F|$KE12s$5$l$?!#(B

$B#2!%8x<(#6#09f5Z$SN;2r3P=q(B(Public Notice No.60 and the MOU)

$B!!#1#9#9#7G/#1#27n#1#2F|!"%$%s%I$O!"#F#T#D#RK!(B(Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act of 1992)$B$K4p$E$-8x<(#6#09f(B(Public Notice No.60)$B$rH/I[!"H/8z$5$;$?!#$3$N8x<($K$h$l$P!"#D#G#F#T(B(Director General of Foreign Trade)$B$HN;2r3P=q!J(BMemorandum of Understanding$B!K$r7k$S$+$D$=$N5AL3$r=e(indigenization)$B!"KG0W<};Y6Q9U$K4X$9$k5,Dj$r4^$^$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$H$5$l$?!#(B

 

 

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r$NBP>]HO0O(B>$B#1!%(B$B7hDj$NMW@A(B(Clarification of the Claims in the Course of the Proceedings and Requests for Preliminary Rulings)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%$%s%I$NMW@A(B(7.5-7.6)$B$K1~$8!"Ev;v9q$KBP$7$F!"Aj8_$K(7.7-7.13)$B!#%Q%M%k$O$^$?!"$3$N$h$&$J(7.13-7.14)$B!#(B

 

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$B%$%s%I$O!"M"F~%i%$%;%s%7%s%0@)EY$O#2#0#0#1G/#47n#1F|$N;~E@$GE12s$5$l$k$3$H$K$J$C$F$$$?$N$G$"$j!"$3$l$K$h$j%Q%M%k$NA0$NK!E*>u67$O=$@5$5$l$?$H(7.23-7.26)$B!#%Q%M%k$O!"-!#2#0#0#1G/#47n#1F|$N;vBV(B(event)$B$K$+$+$o$i$:!"%Q%M%k$O%Q%M%k@_CV;~E@$K$*$1$kA([Panel] is not prevented by subsequent events which impacted upon the measures before it, from examining these measures as they stood at the date of establishment of the Panel)(7.29)$B!"-"$?$@$7!"8e$N;vBV$O4+9p$N@-]$K1F6A$rM?$($k$+$b$7$l$:(B(The Panel$B!G(Bs ability to make meaningful recommendations to the DSB under Article 19.1 of the DSU may be affected if any changes in the measures had occurred which would affect the continued existence of any violations that might be identified as the date of establishment)$B!"%Q%M%k$O$3$NLdBj$K$D$$$F7kO@5Z$S4+9p$rH/$9$kJ8L.$K$*$$$F8!F$$9$k(B([The Panel] will therefore address these aspects more fully at a later stage in the context of its conclusions and recommendations)(7.30)$B!"$H=R$Y$?!#(B

$B%Q%M%k$NIUBw;v9`$K4^$^$l$J$$A

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%$%s%I$N!"2>DjE*$J>-Mh$NA(The Panel agrees with India$B!G(Bs contention that hypothetical future measures which it could, but might not take $B!D(B would not fall within the scope of this Panel$B!G(Bs terms of reference)(7.34)$B!#0lJ}?=N)9q$b!"%$%s%I$,#2#0#0#1G/#47n#1F|0J9_$K$H$k$+$b$7$l$J$$A(The complainants subsequently clarified that they were not seeking rulings on any measure which India might take after 1 April 2001 for the future enforcement of the conditions being challenged)$B!#(B

 

$B#3!%(B$B%Q%M%k$NLdBj$r?3::$9$k8"8B(B(The Panel$B!G(Bs Competence to Consider the Matter before it)

$BJF9q$N?=N)$H4{H=NO(B(res judicata)

$B!!%$%s%I$O!"JF9q$N?=N)$NCf$K$O$9$G$K(BIndia – Quantitative Restrictions$B%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p(B (DS90)$B$K$h$C$F7hDj$5$l$F$$$k$b$N$,$"$j!"4{H=NO$K$h$jF1$8LdBj$K$D$$$F:FEY$3$N?=N)$K$D$$$F?3::$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!"$H(7.40)$B!#%Q%M%k$O!"$^$:4{H=NO$,E,MQ$5$l$&$k;vl9g$K$N$_4{H=NO$NE,MQ2DG=@-$r8!F$$9$k!"$H=R$Y$?!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O(for res judicata to have any possible role in WTO dispute settlement, there should, at the very least, be in essence identity between the matter previously ruled on and that submitted to the subsequent panel.  This requires identity between both the measures and the claims pertaining to them.  There is also, for the purpose of res judicata, a requirement of identity of parties which is clearly met with regard to the United States in this instance)(7.65-7.66)$B!"-"K\7o$GBP>]$H$J$C$F$$$kAIndia – Quantitative Restrictions$B%1!<%9$GLdBj$H$J$C$?AIndia – Quantitative Restrictions$B%Q%M%k$OK\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$kA(7.69-7.70, 7.74-7.79, 7.83-7.86)$B!"-#APJ}$N%1!<%9$G?=N)$N:,5r$H$7$F#G#A#T#T#1#1>r$,5s$2$i$l$F$$$k$,!"K!E*O@E@$O$=$l$>$l$N%1!<%9$G0[$J$k(B(7.88-7.90)$B!"-$@h$N%1!<%9$K$*$1$k%Q%M%k$N7kO@5Z$S4+9p$O!"K\7o$N7kO@$KM=CG$r5v$9$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(7.94-7.97)$B!"-%K\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k8x<(#6#09f$HN;2r3P=q$NFCDj$NB&LL$O!"@h$N%1!<%9$GL@<(E*$K$bL[<(E*$K$b?3::$5$l$F$$$J$$(B(7.98-7.101)$B!#(B

$B#E#C$N?=N)$O$9$G$KAj8_$N9g0U$K$h$C$F2r7h$5$l$F$$$k$+(B(mutually agreed solution)

$B!!%$%s%I$O!"#E#C$N?=N)$N0lIt$O!"%$%s%I$H#E#C$H$NAj8_$N9g0U$K$h$C$F2r7h$5$l$F$$$k!J(Bmutually agreed solution, $B#M#A#S!K!"$H(7.40)$B!#%Q%M%k$O!"#M#A#S$,F1$8LdBj$r07$&8e$N%1!<%9$KBP$7$F$I$N$h$&$J8z2L$rM-$9$k$+(B(systemic legal question of the effect of a mutually agreed solution in subsequent proceedings concerning the same matter)$B$K$D$$$F$O!"#M#A#S$NBP>]$H$9$kLdBj(B(matter)$B$HK\7o%Q%M%k$,BP>]$H$9$kLdBj$H$,F1$8$G$"$k$3$H$,G'$a$i$l$?>l9g$K$N$_!"8!F$$9$k!"$H$7$?(B(7.116)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O]$H$9$kLdBj$HK\7o%Q%M%k$,BP>]$H$9$kLdBj$H$OF1$8$G$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#-!K\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$kEZCe2=MW5a5Z$SKG0W<};Y6Q9UMW5a$K$D$$$F!"#M#A#S$OD>@\$K$b4V@\$K$b8@5Z$7$F$$$J$$(B(7.123-7.127)$B!"-"#M#A#S$G%$%s%I$N9-HO$JM"F~@)8BA]$H$7$?$+$i$H$$$C$F!"8e$N%1!<%9$GM"F~@)8BAr7o$K$D$$$F?=N)$r9T$&$3$H$OK8$2$i$l$J$$(B(7.132-7.133)$B!#(B

India – Quantitative Restrictions$B%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$N

$B!!%$%s%I$O!"K\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$kAIndia – Quantitative Restrictions$B%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p:NBr$K$h$C$FE12s$5$l$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$b$N$G$"$j!"-!?=N)9q$O$R$H$D$NLdBj$K4X$9$kO@E@$rJ#?t$N%1!<%9$KJ,3d$7$F$*$j(B(a complaint may not abusively $B!H(Bsplit$B!I(B a dispute into successive actions instead of raising all the issues relating to a single matter in one proceeding)$B!"$3$l$O!VJ,3d$NMtMQ(B(abusive splitting)$B!W$K$"$?$k!"-"$=$N$h$&$JA(7.136-7.138, 7.139)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%$%s%I$N!VJ,3d$NMtMQ!W$NZL@$5$l$F$$$J$$$H$7$F!"$3$l$rB`$1$?(B(7.140-7.141)$B!#$^$?!"!VITMW$JAJ>Y(B(unnecessary litigation)$B!W$NIndia – Quantitative Restrictions$BJs9p$NC$7$&$k$b$N$G$O$J$$$H$7$F!"%$%s%I$N$3$N(7.146)$B!#$J$*!"%Q%M%k$O!">e5-$N%Q%M%k$NH=CG$O!"(BIndia – Quantitative Restrictions$BJs9p$N$"$k$Y$-India – Quantitative Restrictions$BMz9T%Q%M%k$N7kO@$OK\7o%Q%M%k$NG'Dj$K1F6A$rM?$($J$$!"$HIU$12C$($?(B(7.147-7.149)$B!#(B

 

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$B!!%Q%M%k$Ol9g$K8B$C$F#T#R#I#M#s6(Dj$K4p$E$/?=N)$r8!F$$9$k!"$H=R$Y$?!#-!#T#R#I#M#s6(Dj$,#G#A#T#T$N4XO"5,Dj$h$j$b!VFCDjE*(B(specific)$B!W$H$O$$$$$,$?$$(B(7.157)$B!"-"N>?=N)9q$O!"#G#A#T#T$K4p$E$/(7.159)$B!"-##G#A#T#T5,Dj$N?3::$K$h$j!"#T#R#I#M#s6(Dj$K4XO"$9$k(7.161)$B!#(B

 

$B#5!%(B$BEZCe2=>r7o$H#1#9#9#4G/#G#A#T#T$H$N@09g@-(B

$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$K4X$9$k?=N)(B

$B!!N>?=N)9q$O!"EZCe2=>r7o$,#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k!"$H

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%$%s%I$NAr@09g@-$r?3::$9$k$?$a$K$O!"(B(1)$BM"F~;:IJ$H9qFb;:IJ$H$,F1(2)$B%$%s%I$NA(3)$B$3$l$i$NA(4)$BM"F~;:IJ$,F1(To determine whether the Indian measure is consistent with Article III:4, it is necessary to examine whether (1) imported products and domestic products are like products; (2) the measures constitute a $B!H(Blaw, regulation or requirement$B!I(B; (3) they affect the internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use; and (4) imported products are accorded less favorable treatment than the treatment accorded to like domestic products)(7.172)$B!#(B

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$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"9qFb$N<+F0(automotive kits and components)$B$H309q$N<+F0r$N0UL#$K$*$1$kF1(7.174-7.176)$B!#(B

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$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r$N0UL#$K$*$1$k!VMW7o!W$KAjEv$9$k!"$HG'$a$?!#-!!VMW7o!W$H$7$FG'$a$i$l$k$?$a$K$O!"4k6H$,!VK!E*$K((i) obligations which an enterprise is $B!H(Blegally bound to carry out$B!I(B; (ii) those which an enterprise voluntarily accepts in order to obtain an advantage from the government)$B!"$$$:$l$+$G$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B (7.183-7.186)$B!"-"8x<(#6#09f$O!"%-%C%H$dItIJ$rM"F~$9$k8"Mx$rF@$k$?$a$K$ON;2r3P=q$K9g0U$9$k$3$H$r5a$a$F$*$j!"#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$N0UL#$K$*$1$k!VMW7o!W$KAjEv$9$k(B(7.188)$B!"-#EZCe2=>r7o$r4^$s$G$$$F!"94B+NO$,$"$j<99T2DG=$G$"$k(B (binding and enforceable)$BN;2r3P=q$bN;2r$KAjEv$9$k(B(7.189-7.191)$B!#(B

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$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"EZCe2=MW7o$N@-(7.201-7.202)$B!#(B

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$B!!0J>e$h$j%Q%M%k$O!"8x<(#6#09f5Z$SN;2r3P=q$NEZCe2=>r7o$,!"%Q%M%k@_CV;~E@$K$*$$$F!"#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k!"$H7kO@$7$?(B(7.204)$B!#%Q%M%k$O$^$?!"$3$N7kO@$O!"#T#R#I#M#s6(DjNc<(I=$N(7.205)$B!#(B

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$B#6!%(B$BKG0W<};Y6Q9U>r7o$K4X$9$k#G#A#T#T$K4p$E$/?=N)(B

$B!!N>?=N)9q$O!"8x<(#6#09f5Z$SN;2r3P=q$K4p$E$/KG0W<};Y6Q9U>r7o$,!"#G#A#T#T#1#1>r5Z$S#3!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k!"$H(7.209-7.213)$B!#%Q%M%k$O!"#G#A#T#T#1#1>r!"#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$N=g$K?3::$9$k!"$H=R$Y$?(B(7.214-7.216)$B!#(B

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$B!!%$%s%I$O!"KG0W<};Y6Q9U>r7o$O#G#A#T#T#3>r$K5,Dj$5$l$kFb9qAr$OE,MQ$5$l$J$$!"$H(7.218-7.219)$B!#%Q%M%k$O!"#G#A#T#T#3>r$b$7$/$O#1#1>r$N$$$:$l$b$,E,MQ$5$l$k2DG=@-$,$"$j!"$b$7$/$O$=$NAPJ}$,E,MQ$5$l$k2DG=@-$5$(GS=|$5$l$J$$$H$7$F!"%$%s%I$N(7.222-7.224)$B!#(B

$B#G#A#T#T#1#1!%#1>r$K4p$E$/

$B!!%$%s%I$H#E#C$O!"M"F~%i%$%;%s%9$KI~$9$k%-%C%H5Z$SItIJ$N$_$,KG0W<};Y6Q9U5AL3$NBP>]$H$J$k$+!J%$%s%I$N]$H$J$k$+!J#E#C$N(7.212-7.213)$B!#%Q%M%k$O!"KG0W<};Y6Q9U5AL3$NBP>]$H$J$k$N$OM"F~%i%$%;%s%9$KI~$7$F$$$k%-%C%H5Z$SItIJ$N$_$G$"$k$H$7$F!"#E#C$N(7.235-7.238)$B!##E#C$O$^$?!"%Q%M%k$K!"%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A;~$K$*$$$FA(7.235-7.236)$B!#%Q%M%k$O!"0cK!@-$NM-L5$K$D$$$F$O%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A;~E@$NA($B!D(Bthe Panel considers it appropriate to rule on the EC$B!G(Bs claim on the basis of the measures as they existed as of the date their request for establishment of this Panel$B!D(B  Any implications of the events of 1 April 2001 in relation to the continuation of these violations will be addressed, as determined in the same section, at a later stage)$B!"$H=R$Y$?(B(7.237-7.239)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r$N0UL#$K$*$1$k!VA(measure)$B!W$G$"$k$HG'$a$?!#-!#G#A#T#T!?#W#T#OJ6Ah=hM}$N@hNc$O!"#G#A#T#T#1#1!%#1>r$NBP>]$H$J$j$&$kA(7.246-7.249)$B!"-"#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$NBP>]$H$J$kAr$NBP>]$H$J$kA(7.250)$B!"-#KG0W<};Y6Q9U5AL3$O!"%-%C%H$HItIJ$rM"F~$9$k8"Mx$rF@$k$?$a$KI,MW$J94B+NO$,$"$j<99T2DG=$J(B(binding and enforceable)$BA(7.252)$B!"-$KG0W<};Y6Q9U5AL3$,M"F~$N(actual $B!H(Bprocess$B!I(B of importation)$B$K4XO"$7$F$$$J$$$b$7$/$O!V9q6-!WA($B!H(Bborder$B!I(B measure)$B$G$O$J$$$H$7$F$b!"$=$l<+BN$GEv3:5AL3$,#G#A#T#T#1#1!%#1>r$NBP>]30$H$5$l$k$o$1$G$O$J$$(B(7.258-7.262)$B!#(B

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$B#7!%(B$B#T#R#I#M#s6(Dj$K4p$E$/?=N)(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"AJ>Y7P:Q$K$h$j!"EZCe2=>r7o5Z$SKG0W<};Y6Q9U>r7o$,#T#R#I#M#s6(Dj#2>r$K0cH?$9$k$H$N?=N)9q$N(7.323-7.324)$B!#(B

 

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$B#2!%(Consequences of Events Having Taken Place in the Course of the Proceedings)

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$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#D#S#U#1#1>r5Z$S#1#9!%#1>r$K4p$E$-#D#S#B!JJ6Ah2r7h5!4X!K$,4+9pKt$O:[Dj$r9T$&:]$N;Y1g$r$9$k$H$$$&@UG$$r2L$?$9$?$a$K$O!"(the Panel felt that it would not be making an $B!H(Bobjective assessment of the matter before it$B!I(B, or assisting the DSB in discharging its responsibilities under the DSU in accordance with Article 11 of the DSU, had it chosen not to address the impact of events having taken place in the course of the proceedings, in assessing the appropriateness of making a recommendation under Article 19.1 of the DSU)$B!"$H=R$Y$?(B(8.18-8.28)$B!#%Q%M%k$OF1;~$K!">e5-$N%Q%M%k$N8+2