WT/DS161,169/AB/R

$B#G#A#T#T!J4X@G5Z$SKG0W$K4X$9$k0lHL6(Dj!"(BThe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade$B!K!"G@6H6(Dj!JG@6H$K4X$9$k6(Dj!"(BAgreement on Agriculture$B!K(B

$B7P0^(B

$B#1#9#9#9G/!!#27n!!#1F|!!6(5DMW@A!JJF!K(B

$B#1#9#9#9G/!!#47n#1#3F|!!6(5DMW@A!J9k!K(B

$B#1#9#9#9G/!!#47n#1#5F|!!%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A!JJF!K(B

$B#1#9#9#9G/!!#57n#2#5F|!!%Q%M%k@_CV!JJF!K(B

$B#1#9#9#9G/!!#77n#1#2F|!!%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A!J9k!K(B

$B#1#9#9#9G/!!#77n#2#6F|!!>e5-$HJ;9g%Q%M%k@_CV!J9k!K(B

$B#2#0#0#0G/!!#77n#3#1F|!!%Q%M%kJs9p(B

$B#2#0#0#0G/#1#27n#1#1F|!!>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p(B

$B#2#0#0#1G/!!#17n#1#0F|!!%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p:NBr(B

$B"(%Q%M%kJs9p$K$D$$$F$O!"(B$B%Q%M%kJs9pJ,@O(B$B$r;29M$K$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

$B;v

$B"(;v$B%Q%M%kJs9pJ,@O(B$B$r;29M$K$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$NJ,@O!J(B()$BFb$N?t;z$OCJMnHV9f!K(B

r$NBP>]HO0O(B>$B#1!%IUBw;v9`(B(Terms of Reference)

$B!!4Z9q$O!">y5vI=#L#X$HG@6H6(DjImB0=q#3$O%Q%M%k$NIUBw;v9`$K4^$^$l$F$$$J$$$H$7$F>eAJ$7$F$$$?(B(76)$B!#(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"eAJ$rB`$1$?!#-!G@6H6(DjImB0=q#3$r9MN8$7$J$1$l$P!"G@6H6(Dj#3>r!"#6>r!"#7>r$r?3::$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$+$C$?(B(86)$B!"-">y5vI=$NLsB+$N?e=`$dG@6H6(DjImB0=q#3$O%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A$G$O(B$BL@<(E*$K(B$B8@5Z$5$l$F(B$B$$$J$$(B$B$b$N$N!"%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A$G(B$B8@5Z$5$l$F$$$k(B$BG@6H6(Dj#3>r5Z$S#6>r$O!"!VLsB+$N?e=`!W$K4X$7$F$O#3!%#2>r$d#6!%#3>r$rDL$8$FD>@\!"!VImB0=q#3!W$K$D$$$F$O#1>r(B(a)(ii)$B$rDL$8$F4V@\E*$K!"LsB+?e=`$dImB0=q#3$H$$$C$?J88@$rAH$_9~$s$G$$$k(B(Although the $B!H(Bcommitment levels$B!I(B in Korea$B!G(Bs schedule and $B!H(BAnnex 3$B!I(B of the Agreement on Agriculture was not explicitly referred to in the panel requests in this dispute, it is clear that Articles 3 and 6 of the Agreement on Agriculture, which were referred to in the panel requests, incorporates those terms, either directly through Articles 3.2 and 6.3, in the case of the $B!H(Bcommitment levels$B!I(B, or indirectly through Article 1(a)(ii), in the case of $B!H(BAnnex 3$B!I(B)(87)$B!"-#%Q%M%k$OLsB+$N?e=`$dImB0=q#3$K4X$9$kLdBj$r!V?=N)(B(claim)$B!W$G$O$J$/O@5r(B(arguments)$B$H$7$F8!F$$7$?$K2a$.$J$$(B(88)$B!#(B

$B#2!%G@6H6(Dj$N2<$G$N9qFb=u@.(B(Domestic Support under the Agreement on Agriculture)

$B!!4Z9q$O!"-!4Z9q$NLsB+$N?e=`$K$D$$$F!"%Q%M%k$,>y5vI=$N3g8L$KF~$C$F$$$J$$?tCM$r:NMQ$7$?$3$H$O8m$j$G$"$C$?!"-"%Q%M%k$,5mFy$K4X$9$k8=9T#A#M#S$,%G%_%K%_%94p=`$rD6$($F$*$j8=9TAm9g#A#M#S$K4^$^$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$+$C$?$H$7$?$3$H$O8m$j$G$"$C$?!"$H$$$$D$NM}M3$G>eAJ$7$F$$$?(B(92)$B!#(B

$B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$NLsB+$N?e=`(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"y5vI=$N3g8L$KF~$C$F$$$k?tCM$G$"$k$HG'$a$?!#-!%Q%M%k$O!">y5vI=$NCm#1!J!V3g8LFb$N?tCM$K$D$$$F$O:,5rI=#6$NCm#1$r;2>H(B(Refer to Note 1 of Supporting Table 6 about the numbers in parentheses)$B!W!K$H$$$&J88@$r8!F$$7$F$*$i$:!"J88@$NDL>o$N0UL#$r?3::$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$H$$$&%&%#!<%s>rLsK!>rLs$KK!E52=$5$l$?2r(97)$B!"-":,5rI=#6$NCm#1$NJ88@(B*$B$+$i!"4Z9q$O!"=iG/EY!J#1#9#9#5G/!K$NLsB+?e=`$K$D$$$F$O!"%3%a0J30$N;:IJ$K4X$7$F$O#1#9#8#9G/$+$i#1#9#9#1G/$N?tCM$r!"%3%a$K4X$7$F$O#1#9#9#3G/$N?tCM$rMQ$$$F;;=P$7!"#2#0#0#4G/$N:G=*>y5vLsB+?e=`(B(Final Bound Commitment level)$B$K$D$$$F$O$9$Y$F$N;:IJ$K4X$7#1#9#8#9G/$+$i#1#9#9#1G/$N?tCM$rMQ$$$F;;=P$7$F$*$j!"$^$?>y5vI=$N3g8L$KF~$C$F$$$k?tCM$O=iG/EY$NLsB+?e=`$+$i:G=*>y5vLsB+?e=`$K$$$?$kG/y5vLsB+?e=`$rI=$7$F$$$k$3$H$+$i!"3g8L$KF~$C$F$$$k?tCM$,4Z9q$NLsB+?e=`$H2r$5$l$k(B(102)$B!"-##1#9#9#6G/#1#17n$NG@6H0Q0w2q2q9g$NCf$G!"4Z9q$O!"%K%e!<%8!<%i%s%I$Ny5vLsB+(B$B?e=`$O3g8L$KF~$C$F$$$k?tCM$G$"$j!"3g8L$KF~$C$F$$$J$$?tCM$O$9$Y$F$N;:IJ$K4X$7$F#1#9#8#9G/$+$i#1#9#9#1G/$N?tCM$rMQ$$$F=iG/EY$NLsB+?e=`$r;;Dj$7$?>l9g$N?tCM$G$"$k$HL@8@$7$F$$$k(B(103)$B!"-$G@6H0Q0w2q$X$NG/(104)$B!#(B

$B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N8=9TAm9g#A#M#S(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"$C$F$3$l$r8=9TAm9g#A#M#S$K4^$a$J$+$C$?$3$H$OG@6H6(Dj#6>r5Z$S#7!%#2>r(B(a)$B$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$7$?%Q%M%kG'Dj$rGK4~$7$?!#-!G@6H6(Dj#1>r(B(a)(ii)$B$O!"8=9T#A#M#S$N;;Dj$K4X$7$F0J2<$N#2$D$NMW7o$r2]$7$F$$$k!#$9$J$o$A!"(B(i)$B8=9T#A#M#S$OG@6H6(DjImB0=q#3$N5,Dj$K!V1h$C$F!W;;Dj$5$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B(Current AMS must be calculated in $B!H(Bconformity$B!I(B with the provisions of Annex 3)$B!"(B (ii)$B8=9T#A#M#S$N;;Dj$N:]$K$O!"!V4pACE*%G!<%?5Z$SJ}K!!W$,!V9MN8$5$l!W$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B(when Current AMS is calculated, the $B!H(Bconstituent data and methodology$B!I(B in a Member$B!G(Bs Schedule must be $B!H(Btaken into account$B!I(B, that is, it must be $B!H(Bconsidered$B!I(B)(111)$B!"-"$?$@$7!"K\7o$K$*$$$F$O!V4pACE*%G!<%?5Z$SJ}K!!W$KAjEv$9$k$b$N$,$J$$$N$G!"ImB0=q#3$N5,Dj$N$_$r9MN8$9$k(B(113)$B!"-#4Z9q$,#1#9#8#6G/$+$i#1#9#8#8G/$N?tCM$G$O$J$/#1#9#9#7G/$H#1#9#9#8G/$N?tCM$rMQ$$$?$3$H!"$^$?4IM}2A3J$NBP>]$H$J$k(B(eligible)$B@8;:NL$G$O$J$/(116-122)$B!#(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"0J>e$rF'$^$($D$D!"$C$F%Q%M%k$,5mFy$K4X$9$k8=9T#A#M#S$N;;DjJ}K!$K$D$$$F%K%e!<%8!<%i%s%I$NMQ$$$?J}K!$r:NMQ$7$?$3$H$O8m$j$G$"$j!"#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N5mFy$K4X$9$k8=9T#A#M#S$,#1#0!s$N%G%_%K%_%94p=`$rD6$($F$*$jG@6H6(Dj#6>r5Z$S#7!%#2>r(B(a)$B$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N%Q%M%kG'Dj$rGK4~$9$k(B(123-126)$B!"-"-!$K$h$j!"4Z(B$B9q$N8=9TAm9g#A#M#S$,>y5vI=$NLsB+?e=`$r1[$($F$*$jG@6H6(Dj#3!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N%Q%M%kG'Dj$bGK4~$9$k(B(127)$B!"-#;vZ5r$,$J$$$N$G!"4Z9q$,G@6H6(Dj#6>r!"#7!%#2>r(B(a)$B!"#3!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$?$+H]$+$K4X$9$k?7$?$JG'Dj$O9T$o$J$$(B(128-129)$B!#(B

*$B:,5rI=#6$NCm#1!JCm$O=|$/!K(B

The AMS for rice has been calculated based on 1993 market price support instead of 1989-1991 average. The Final Bound Commitment level in 2004, however, is the level reduced by 13.3% from the 1989-1991 average Base Total AMS.

$B#3!%Fs=E>.Gd@)EY(B

$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r(B(Article 3.4 of the GATT 1994)

$B!!4Z9q$O!"Fs=E>.Gd@)EY$OJ88@>e$N(B(on its face)$B:9JL$b;ve$N(B(de facto)$B:9JL$b$7$F$$$J$$$H$7$F!"F1@)EY$r#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r0cH?$H$7$?%Q%M%kG'Dj$KBP$7$F>eAJ$7$F$$$?!#(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!".Gd@)EY$,#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$HG'$a$?!#-!(BJapan – Alcoholic Beverages II $B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$O!"#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$N?3::$K$*$1$k(B$B6%Ah>r7o(B(conditions of competition)$B$N=EMW@-$r6/D4$7$F$*$j!"309q;:IJ$H9qFb;:IJ$H$G$B0[$J$k(B$B$3$H$N$_$G$O#3!%#4>r0cH?>ZL@$N==J,>r7o$H$bI,MW>r7o$H$b$J$j$($:!"K\7o%Q%M%k$,M"F~;:IJ$H9qFb;:IJ$H$Gr0cH?$rG'Dj$7$?$N$O8m$j$G$"$C$?(B(134-138)$B!J2<@~$OJ,@O.Gd@)EY$,6%Ah>r7o$rJQ$($k$H9M$($i$l$kM}M3$r$$$/$D$+5s$2$F$$$k$,!"$3$N%Q%M%k$N?3::J}K!$K$OLdBj$,$"$k(B(139-141)$B!"-#M"F~;:IJ$KBP$7$F0[$J$k>.Gd@)EY$r@_$1$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H<+BN$OI,$:$7$bM"F~;:IJ$rITMx$K07$C$F$$$k$H$O$$$($J$$$,!"K\7o$K$*$1$k4Z9q$NFs=E>.Gd@)EY$OM"F~5mFy$KBP$7$FDL>o$N!"$^$?4{B8$NN.DL7PO)$rCHq&6HE*5!2q$O5^7c$K<:$o$l$F$7$^$&(B(143-145)$B!"-$0J>e$N$h$&$J8z2L$O!"Fs=E>.Gd@)EY$K$h$C$F4k?^$5$l$F$$$?$b$N$G$"$j!">&6HE*5!2q$N8:>/$,D>@\E*$K$O8D!9$N>.Gd6H(146)$B!"-%$^$?!"$=$l<+BN#W#T#O@09gE*$J5mFy3dEv@)EY$K$h$j309q5mFy$N6!5kNL$,8B$i$l$F$$$?$H$$$&;v.Gd@)EY$NLdBj$r(147)$B!#(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"I=<(5AL3$OFs=E>.Gd@)EY$KIU?oE*$J$b$N$G$"$j!"$3$l$K$D$$$FJL8D$K#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r@09g@-$r?3::$9$kI,MW$O$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(151)$B!#(B

$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#2#0>r(B(d)

$B!!4Z9q$O!"-!%Q%M%k$N#G#A#T#T#2#0>r(B(d)$B!VI,MW$J(B(necessary)$B!W$N2rr(B(d)$B$K4X$9$k%Q%M%kG'Dj$KBP$7$F>eAJ$7$F$$$?(B(154)$B!#(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"eAJ$rB`$1$?!#-!#G#A#T#T#2#0>r(B(d)$B$N!VI,MW$J!W$H$O!"!VIT2D7g$J(B(indispensable)$B!W!"!V@dBPI,MW$J(B(of absolute necessity)$B!W!"!VIT2DHr$J(B(inevitable)$B!W$H$$$&0UL#$K8B$i$l$:!"$^$?C1$K!V9W8%$9$k!W$h$j$O!VIT2D7g$J!W$K$+$J$j6a$$$H9M$($i$l$k(B(in this continuum, located significantly closer to the pole of $B!H(Bindispensable$B!I(B than to the opposite pole of simply $B!H(Bmaking a contribution to$B!I(B)(161)$B!"-"#G#A#T#T#2#0>r(B(d)$B$O<99T$5$l$kK!Na$NE,MQ$K1F6A$r(Article XX(d) is susceptible of application in respect of a wide variety of $B!H(Blaws and regulations$B!I(B to be enforced)$B!"$"$kAl9g$,$"$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#$D$^$j!"$=$N$h$&$J6&DLMx1W$d2ACM$,$h$jIT2D7g$G=EMW$G$"$k$[$I!"<99T$N$?$a$NA(It seems to us that a treaty interpreter assessing a measure claimed to be necessary to secure compliance of a WTO-consistent law or regulation may, in appropriate cases, take into account the relative importance of the common interests or values that the law ore regulation to be enforced is intended to protect. The more vital or important those common interests or values are, the easier it would be to accept as $B!H(Bnecessary$B!I(B a measure designed as an enforcement instrument.)(162)$B!"-#-"$N$[$+!"$=$NA(the extent to which the measure contributes to the realization of the end pursued)$B$d9q:]DL>&$r@)8B$9$k8z2L$NDxEY(B(the extent to which the compliance measure produces restrictive effects on international commerce)$B$J$I!"MM!9$JMW0x$rHf3S9MN8$7$F(B(in every case a process of weighing and balancing a series of factors which prominently include the contribution made by the compliance measure to the enforcement of the law or regulation at issue, importance of the common interests or values protected by that law or regulation, and the accompanying impact of the law or regulation on imports or exports)$B!VI,MW!W$+H]$+H=CG$5$l$k(B(163-164)$B!"-$IT8x@56%AhK!$N<99T%l%Y%k$r7hDj$7$&$k$N$O3F2CLA9q$G$O$"$k$,!"K>$^$7$$<99T%l%Y%k$r3NJ]$9$kZ$7$F$$$J$$(B(165-180)$B!#(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"%Q%M%k$,I=<(5AL3$,#G#A#T#T#2#0>r(B(d)$B$K$h$C$F@5Ev2=$5$l$k$+H]$+?3::$7$J$+$C$?$3$H$K$D$$$F!"I=<(5AL3$OFs=E>.Gd@)EY$KIU?oE*$J$b$N$G$"$j!"=>$C$F$3$l$rJL8D$K8!F$$9$kI,MW$O$J$+$C$?$H=R$Y$?(B(184)$B!#(B

$B>e5i0Q0w2q$N(B$B7kO@5Z$S4+9p(B

$B!!0J>e$h$j!">e5i0Q0w2q$O

(a) $B%Q%M%k$NIUBw;v9`$N2y5vI=$NLsB+?e=`$dG@6H6(DjImB0=q#3$b9MN8$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$H$7$?%Q%M%kG'Dj$r;Y;}$9$k!#(B

(b) $B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N5mFy$KBP$9$k9qFb=u@.$,G@6H6(Dj#1>r(B(a)(ii)$B5Z$SImB0=q#3$K4p$E$-E,@Z$K;;Dj$5$l$J$+$C$?$H$$$&%Q%M%kG'Dj$r;Y;}$9$k!#(B

(c) $B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N5mFy$KBP$9$k9qFb=u@.$N:F;;Dj$K4X$9$k%Q%M%kG'Dj$rGK4~$7!"=>$C$F(B(i)$B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N5mFy$KBP$9$k9qFb=u@.$,G@6H6(Dj#6>r$N%G%_%K%_%94p=`$rD6$($F$$$?!"(B(ii)$B4Z9q$N5mFy$K4X$9$k8=9T#A#M#S$r8=9TAm9g#A#M#S$K4^$a$J$+$C$?$3$H$OG@6H6(Dj#7!%#2>r(B(a)$B$K0cH?$7$F$$$k!"(B(iii)$B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N9qFb=u@.$NAmNL$,LsB+$N?e=`$r1[$($F$*$jG@6H6(Dj#3!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k!"$H$N%Q%M%kG'Dj$rGK4~$9$k!#(B

(d) (c)$B$K4X$7!"(B(i)$B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N5mFy$KBP$9$k9qFb=u@.$,G@6H6(Dj#6>r$N%G%_%K%_%94p=`$rD6$($F$$$?$+H]$+!"(B(ii)$B4Z9q$N5mFy$K4X$9$k8=9T#A#M#S$r8=9TAm9g#A#M#S$K4^$a$J$+$C$?$3$H$OG@6H6(Dj#7!%#2>r(B(a)$B$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$+H]$+!"(B(iii)$B4Z9q$N#1#9#9#7G/5Z$S#1#9#9#8G/$N9qFb=u@.$NAmNL$,LsB+$N?e=`$r1[$($F$*$jG@6H6(Dj#3!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$+H]$+!"$K$D$$$F$O==J,$J;v

(e) $B4Z9q$N5mFy$K4X$9$kFs=E>.Gd@)EY$,#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N%Q%M%kG'Dj$r;Y;}$9$k!#(B

(f) $B4Z9q$N5mFy$K4X$9$kFs=E>.Gd@)EY$,#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#2#0>r(B(d)$B$K$h$C$F@5Ev2=$5$l$J$$$H$N%Q%M%kG'Dj$r;Y;}$9$k!#(B

(g) $BFs=E>.Gd@)EY$KIU?oE*$JI=<(5AL3$K4X$7$F$O!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$b$7$/$O#2#0>r(B(d)$B$K>H$i$7$F?3::$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!#(B

$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"#D#S#B!JJ6Ah2r7h5!4X!K$,4Z9q$KBP$7$F#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T5Z$SG@6H6(Dj$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$HG'Dj$5$l$?A

© 2002 Yuka Fukunaga All Rights Reserved