WT/DS166/R

31 July 2000

United States – Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Wheat Gluten From the European Communities

    Complaint by the European Communities

Report of the panel

 

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$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"MzJ*%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q7hDj(B(DS121)$B$r0zMQ$7$D$D!"M"F~$NA}2C$H=EBg$JB;32$H$N0x2L4X78$NG'Dj$K4X$9$k#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K5Z$S!J#b!K>r$NMW7o$rK~$?$7$F$$$k$+H]$+$O!"e>:798~$,!"B;324XO"MW0x$N2<9_798~$H0lCW$7$F$$$k$+!"0lCW$7$F$$$J$$>l9g$O!"0lCW$7$F$$$J$$$K$b$+$+$o$i$:0x2L4X78$,G'$a$i$l$k$3$H$K$D$$$F$N:,5r$K4p$E$/E,@Z$+$D9gM}E*$J@bL@$,$J$5$l$F$$$k$+(B(whether an upward trend in imports coincides with downward trends in the injury factors, and if not, whether an adequate, reasoned and reasonable explanation is provided as to why nevertheless the data show causation)$B!"-"M"F~;:IJ$H9qFb;:IJ$H$N6%Ah>r7o$,!"M"F~$HB;32$H$N0x2L4X78$rI=$7$F$$$k$+(B(whether the conditions of competition between the imported and domestic product as analyzed demonstrate the existence of the causal link between the imports and any injury)$B!"-#$=$NB>$N4XO"MW0x$,9MN8$5$l!"$+$D!"M"F~0J30$NMW0x$K$h$kB;32$r!"M"F~$K$h$C$F@8$8$?B;32$H$_$J$7$F$$$J$$$+(B(whether other relevant factors have been analyzed and whether it is established that injury caused by factors other than imports has not been attributed to imports)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"-!$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$B#I#T#C$NG'Dj$K$h$k$H!"D4::4|4VCf$N!"M"F~$N(B$BA4BNE*(B$B798~$H!";:6H$N(B$BA4BNE*(B$B>uBV$K4X$9$k=EBg$JB;32$K4X$9$kMW0x$N(B$BA4BNE*(B$B798~$H$N4V$K$O!"(B$B0lHLE*$J(B$B0lCW$,$"$j!"#I#T#C$N0x2L4X78$r9NDj$9$kG'Dj$O;Y;}$5$lF@$k(B(Looking at the overall trends in imports and the overall trends in serious injury factors pertaining to the overall situation of the industry over the period of investigation, we consider that there is a general coincidence between the trends in injury factors and the trends in imports which would support a finding by the investigation authority of a causal connection between increased imports and serious injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!"-"(B$B8D!9$N(B$BB;324XO"MW0x$HM"F~$H$N4V$K0lCW$,$J$$>l9g$b$o$:$+$KB8:_$9$k$,!"$3$l<+BN$O0x2L4X78$N9NDj$rK8$2$k$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(the existence of slight absences of coincidence in the movement of individual injury factors in relation to imports would not preclude a finding by the USITC of a causal link between increased imports and serious injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"-"$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$B#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r$N!V$=$N$h$&$J>r7o$G(B(under such conditions)$B!WM"F~$5$l$k!"$H$$$&J88@$O!"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K5Z$S!J#b!K>r$N2<9T$&$Y$-0x2L4X78$K$D$$$F$NJ,@O$N(B$B(the substance of the causation analysis that must be performed under Article 4.2(a) and (b)$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B$K$D$$$F=R$Y$?$b$N$G$"$j!"JL8D$N5AL3$r2]$9$b$N$G$O$J$$!"(B(ii)$B8@$$49$($l$P!"M"F~$NA}2C$,9qFb;:6H$KM?$($k1F6A$NE,@Z$JI>2A(B(an adequate assessment of the impact of the increased imports at issue on the domestic industry under investigation)$B$K4p$E$-!"M"F~$,A}2C$7$F$$$k>r7o$,!"=EBg$JB;32$N860x$H$J$k$b$7$/$O$J$k$*$=$l$,$"$k$h$&$J$b$N$J$N$+(B(whether the conditions under which increased imports are occurring are such as to cause or threaten to cause serious injury)$B!"$r?3::$9$l$PNI$$!"(B(iii)$B#S#G6(Dj#2>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r$O!"!V2A3J!W$r6%Ah>r7o$N$R$H$D$H$7$F9MN8$9$Y$-$+H]$+$K$D$$$F2?$b?($l$F$*$i$:!"!V$=$N$h$&$J>r7o$G!W$H$$$&J88@$O!"I,$:$7$b$9$Y$F$N%1!<%9$G2A3JJ,@O$r5a$a$k$b$N$G$O$J$$!"(B(iv)$B#I#T#C$O!"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2>r$NMW7o$rK~$?$9!"2A3JJ,@O$K$D$$$F$NE,@Z!"O@M}E*!"$+$D9gM}E*$J@bL@$r9T$C$F$$$k!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"-#$N$&$A!"FC$K!"$=$NB>$N4XO"MW0x$,9MN8$5$l$?$+H]$+$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$BD4::Ev6I$O!"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K>r$KNs5s$5$l$?MW0x!"5Z$S!"Mx324X78$N4XO"$9$k$9$Y$F$NMW0x$rI>2A$9$k5AL3$rIi$&$,!"$=$l0J30$NMW0x$r?3::$9$k$+H]$+$K$D$$$F$OD4::Ev6I$N:[NL$K$f$@$M$i$l$F$*$j!"D4::Ev6I(B$B<+$i(B$B>pJs$r<}=8$7I>2A$9$k5AL3$O$J$$$H2r$5$l$k(B(the investigating authorities are not, in our view, obligated on their own initiative to seek out and evaluate factors other than those explicitly enumerated in Article 4.2(a) beyond those that are clearly raised before them by the interested parties in the course of the investigation$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!"(B(ii)$B#I#T#C$O!"#E#UMx324X782A$r9T$J$C$F$$$k!"(B(iii)$B#E#UMx324X78(protein premium)$B!JJ,@O.G~$H9b%W%m%F%$%s>.G~$H$N4V$N2A3J:9!K!W$r4XO"$9$kMW0x$H$7$FL@3N$K;XE&$7$?$+H]$+$K$D$$$FEv;vZ5r$+$i!"#E#UMx324X78(the effect of protein premiums on price)$B$K$D$$$F$OL@3N$K;XE&$7$F$$$k$,!"#E#C$,K\7o$GLdBj$H$7$F$$$k#1#9#9#4G/0J9_$N0x2L4X78J,@O$K4XO"$9$kMW0x$H$7$F!">.G~$N%W%m%F%$%s!&%W%l%_%"%`$rL@3N$K;XE&$7$F$$$?!"$H$ON)>Z$5$l$F$$$J$$(B(the European Community has not demonstrated to us as a matter of fact that the EU producer respondents clearly raised the broader issue of wheat protein premiums as a possible relevant causal factor pertaining to the post-1994 segment of the period investigation which the European Community raises in these Panel proceedings)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O(whether,$B!D(B, the USITC satisfied the requirements in Article 4.2 (b) Safeguard Agreement to demonstrate the causal link between the increased imports and the serious injury, and not to attribute to imports injury caused by other factors)$B$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$?$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$B#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K5Z$S!J#b!K>r$O!"LdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k;T>l$N>r7o2<$G!"M"F~$NA}2C$,!"(B$B$=$l<+BN$G(B$B!"(B$B=EBg$J(B$BB;32$N860x$K$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$rN)>Z$9$k$h$&5a$a$F$$$k(B(require that a Member demonstrate that the increased imports, under the conditions extant in the marketplace, in and of themselves, cause serious injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!"8@$$49$($l$P!"M"F~$NA}2C$O!"$=$l<+BN$G!"#S#G6(Dj$N!V=EBg$J!W$H$$$&MW7o$rK~$?$9$K==J,$JB;32$N860x$H$J$C$F$$$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(the increased imports must be sufficient, in and of themselves, to cause injury which achieves the threshold of $B!H(Bserious$B!I(B as defined in the Agreement)$B!"(B(ii)(i)$B$NMW7o$rK~$?$9$?$a$N6qBNE*$JJ}K!$K$D$$$F$O!"#S#G6(Dj$OFC$K5,Dj$7$F$$$J$$$,!"D4::Ev6I$,MQ$$$kJ}K!$O!"M"F~$NA}2C$K$h$kB;32$,!V=EBg$J!WB;32$G$"$k$3$H$r3N(the method it selects must ensure that the injury caused by increased imports, considered alone, is $B!H(Bserious$B!I(B injury)$B!"(B(iii)$B#I#T#C$O!"B;32$N860x$H9M$($i$l$k$=$NB>$NMW0x$rJ#?t9MN8$7$F$$$k$,!"$=$N$&$A$N9qFb;:6HA4BN$N2TF/N(5Z$S@8;:G=NO3HBg(B(capacity utilization and increased capacity)$B$,B;32$N860x$N0l$D$H$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$rG'$a$D$D!"M"F~$NA}2C$[$I$K$O=EMW$J860x$G$O$J$$(B(neither domestic competition nor increased domestic capacity was a more important cause of serious injury than increased imports$B!"6/D4$O%Q%M%kK\J8(B)$B$H7kO@$7$F$$$k$,!"$"$kMW0x$,!"=EBg$JB;32$NH/@8$K4X$7!"M"F~$HF1$8$b$7$/$OM"F~0J>e$N860x$H$O$J$C$F$$$J$$$+$i$H$$$C$F!"$=$N$h$&$JMW0x$,=EBg$JB;32$K(B$BA4$/(B$B4X78$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$K$O$J$i$J$$(B(A demonstration that a given causal factor did not make an equal or greater contribution to serious injury than imports does not demonstrate that such factor made no contribution at all to serious injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!"(B(iv)$B#I#T#C$N0x2L4X78$K4X$9$kJ,@O$O!"M"F~$,$=$l<+BN$G9qFb;:6H$KBP$9$k=EBg$JB;32$N860x$H$J$k$[$I$N$b$N$G!"B>$NMW0x$K$h$kB;32$rM"F~$K$h$kB;32$H$_$J$5$J$$$h$&3NJ]$9$k$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(the USITC$B!G(Bs causation analysis does not ensure that imports, in and of themselves, are sufficient to cause serious injury to the domestic industry once injury caused by other factors is not attributed to imports)$B!"(B

$B!!0J>e$N$h$&$K!"%Q%M%k$O!"-!5Z$S-"$K$D$$$F$O!"#I#T#C$O#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1#9!%#1!J#a!K>r!"#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1!"#4!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?$,!"-#$K$D$$$F$O!"#I#T#C$O#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#b!K>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#(B

 

$B0lIt$N9q$+$i$NM"F~$KBP$9$k#S#GA

$B!!#I#T#C$O!"(B$B$9$Y$F$N86;:CO$+$i$N(B$B>.G~%0%k%F%sM"F~$K$D$$$FB;325Z$S0x2L4X78J,@O$r9T$C$?(B(a $B!H(Bglobal$B!I(B investigation concerning injury and causation that included imports of wheat gluten from all sources, regardless of their origin)$B8e!"#N#A#F#T#A#8#0#2>r$K4p$E$-!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$,M"F~A4BN$K@j$a$k3d9g!"5Z$S!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$,=EBg$JB;32$N860x$H$J$C$F$$$kEY9g$$$r?3::$7(B(a separate and subsequent examination of whether imports from Canada accounted for a substantial share of total imports, and whether imports from Canada contributed importantly to the serious injury caused by imports)$B!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$,M"F~A4BN$K@j$a$k3d9g$O9b$$$b$N$N!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$O=EBg$JB;32$Nr!"#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1!"#4!%#2>r$J$I$N0cH?$r

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r$N0UL#$K$D$$$F!"r5Z$S#4!%#2>r$NJ88@$O!"D4::$NBP>]$H$J$C$?M"F~;:IJ$NHO0O$O!"A]$H$J$kM"F~;:IJ$HBP>N$7$F$$$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(a requirement of symmetry between the scope of the imported products subject to the investigation and the scope of the imported products subject to the application of the measure)$B!"$9$J$o$A!"D4::$NBP>];:IJ$HA];:IJ$OF1$8(B(same)$B$G$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$!"$H5,Dj$7$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!"-"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K>r!"#2!%#2>r$+$i$b!"0J>e$N8+2r$O;Y;}$5$l$k!"-#MzJ*#S#G(B(DS121)$B>e5i0Q$b!"F1

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"K\7o$K$*$1$k#I#T#C$N%"%W%m!<%A$K$D$$$F!"