WT/DS166/R
Complaint by the European
Communities
Report of the panel
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$BJF9q>.G~%0%k%F%s;:6H6(5D2q(B(the Wheat Gluten Industry Council of the United States$B!"%a%s%P!.G~%0%k%F%s@8;: |
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$B!!%Q%M%k$Or$O!"!V;vNc$N>\:Y$JJ,@O(B(detailed analysis of the case under investigation)$B!W$H!V?3::$7$?MW0x$N4XO"@-$rN)>Z$9$k$b$N(B(demonstration
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$B!!#E#C$O!"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K>r$KNs5s$5$l$F$$$J$$$b$N$N!"(B(i)$BD4::4|4VCf$N?75,;2F~!"(B(ii)$BI{;:J*$NH/E8!"(B(iii)$BM"F~$r?d?J$9$kJF9q4k6H$NB8:_!"$H$$$C$?MW0x$K$D$$$F$b4XO"MW0x$H$7$F9MN8$9$Y$-$G$"$C$?$H
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$B!!0J>e$h$j!"%Q%M%k$O!"#I#T#C$N=EBg$JB;32$NG'Dj$,#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#(B
$B0x2L4X78(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"MzJ*%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q7hDj(B(DS121)$B$r0zMQ$7$D$D!"M"F~$NA}2C$H=EBg$JB;32$H$N0x2L4X78$NG'Dj$K4X$9$k#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K5Z$S!J#b!K>r$NMW7o$rK~$?$7$F$$$k$+H]$+$O!"e>:798~$,!"B;324XO"MW0x$N2<9_798~$H0lCW$7$F$$$k$+!"0lCW$7$F$$$J$$>l9g$O!"0lCW$7$F$$$J$$$K$b$+$+$o$i$:0x2L4X78$,G'$a$i$l$k$3$H$K$D$$$F$N:,5r$K4p$E$/E,@Z$+$D9gM}E*$J@bL@$,$J$5$l$F$$$k$+(B(whether an upward trend in imports coincides with downward trends
in the injury factors, and if not, whether an adequate, reasoned and reasonable
explanation is provided as to why nevertheless the data show causation)$B!"-"M"F~;:IJ$H9qFb;:IJ$H$N6%Ah>r7o$,!"M"F~$HB;32$H$N0x2L4X78$rI=$7$F$$$k$+(B(whether the conditions of competition between the imported and
domestic product as analyzed demonstrate the existence of the causal link
between the imports and any injury)$B!"-#$=$NB>$N4XO"MW0x$,9MN8$5$l!"$+$D!"M"F~0J30$NMW0x$K$h$kB;32$r!"M"F~$K$h$C$F@8$8$?B;32$H$_$J$7$F$$$J$$$+(B(whether other relevant factors have been analyzed and whether it
is established that injury caused by factors other than imports has not been
attributed to imports)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"-!$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$B#I#T#C$NG'Dj$K$h$k$H!"D4::4|4VCf$N!"M"F~$N(B$BA4BNE*(B$B798~$H!";:6H$N(B$BA4BNE*(B$B>uBV$K4X$9$k=EBg$JB;32$K4X$9$kMW0x$N(B$BA4BNE*(B$B798~$H$N4V$K$O!"(B$B0lHLE*$J(B$B0lCW$,$"$j!"#I#T#C$N0x2L4X78$r9NDj$9$kG'Dj$O;Y;}$5$lF@$k(B(Looking at the overall trends in imports and the overall
trends in serious injury factors pertaining to the overall situation of
the industry over the period of investigation, we consider that there is a general
coincidence between the trends in injury factors and the trends in imports
which would support a finding by the investigation authority of a causal
connection between increased imports and serious injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!"-"(B$B8D!9$N(B$BB;324XO"MW0x$HM"F~$H$N4V$K0lCW$,$J$$>l9g$b$o$:$+$KB8:_$9$k$,!"$3$l<+BN$O0x2L4X78$N9NDj$rK8$2$k$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(the existence of slight absences of coincidence in the movement of
individual injury factors in relation to imports would not preclude a
finding by the USITC of a causal link between increased imports and serious
injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"-"$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$B#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r$N!V$=$N$h$&$J>r7o$G(B(under such conditions)$B!WM"F~$5$l$k!"$H$$$&J88@$O!"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K5Z$S!J#b!K>r$N2<9T$&$Y$-0x2L4X78$K$D$$$F$NJ,@O$N(B$B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"-#$N$&$A!"FC$K!"$=$NB>$N4XO"MW0x$,9MN8$5$l$?$+H]$+$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!"$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$BD4::Ev6I$O!"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K>r$KNs5s$5$l$?MW0x!"5Z$S!"Mx324X78
$B!!%Q%M%k$O(whether,$B!D(B, the USITC satisfied the requirements in Article 4.2 (b)
Safeguard Agreement to demonstrate the causal link between the increased
imports and the serious injury, and not to attribute to imports injury caused
by other factors)$B$K$D$$$F!"r$K0cH?$7$F$$$?$H7kO@$7$?!#(B(i)$B#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#a!K5Z$S!J#b!K>r$O!"LdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k;T>l$N>r7o2<$G!"M"F~$NA}2C$,!"(B$B$=$l<+BN$G(B$B!"(B$B=EBg$J(B$BB;32$N860x$K$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$rN)>Z$9$k$h$&5a$a$F$$$k(B(require that a Member demonstrate that the increased imports,
under the conditions extant in the marketplace, in and of themselves,
cause serious injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!"8@$$49$($l$P!"M"F~$NA}2C$O!"$=$l<+BN$G!"#S#G6(Dj$N!V=EBg$J!W$H$$$&MW7o$rK~$?$9$K==J,$JB;32$N860x$H$J$C$F$$$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(the increased imports must be sufficient, in and of themselves, to
cause injury which achieves the threshold of $B!H(Bserious$B!I(B as defined in the
Agreement)$B!"(B(ii)(i)$B$NMW7o$rK~$?$9$?$a$N6qBNE*$JJ}K!$K$D$$$F$O!"#S#G6(Dj$OFC$K5,Dj$7$F$$$J$$$,!"D4::Ev6I$,MQ$$$kJ}K!$O!"M"F~$NA}2C$K$h$kB;32$,!V=EBg$J!WB;32$G$"$k$3$H$r3N(the method it selects must ensure that the injury caused by
increased imports, considered alone, is $B!H(Bserious$B!I(B injury)$B!"(B(iii)$B#I#T#C$O!"B;32$N860x$H9M$($i$l$k$=$NB>$NMW0x$rJ#?t9MN8$7$F$$$k$,!"$=$N$&$A$N9qFb;:6HA4BN$N2TF/N(5Z$S@8;:G=NO3HBg(B(capacity utilization and increased capacity)$B$,B;32$N860x$N0l$D$H$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$rG'$a$D$D!"M"F~$NA}2C$[$I$K$O=EMW$J860x$G$O$J$$(B(neither domestic competition nor increased
domestic capacity was a more important cause of serious injury than increased
imports$B!"6/D4$O%Q%M%kK\J8(B)$B$H7kO@$7$F$$$k$,!"$"$kMW0x$,!"=EBg$JB;32$NH/@8$K4X$7!"M"F~$HF1$8$b$7$/$OM"F~0J>e$N860x$H$O$J$C$F$$$J$$$+$i$H$$$C$F!"$=$N$h$&$JMW0x$,=EBg$JB;32$K(B$BA4$/(B$B4X78$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$K$O$J$i$J$$(B(A demonstration that a given causal factor did not make an equal
or greater contribution to serious injury than imports does not demonstrate
that such factor made no contribution at all to serious injury$B!"6/D4$O86J8DL$j(B)$B!"(B(iv)$B#I#T#C$N0x2L4X78$K4X$9$kJ,@O$O!"M"F~$,$=$l<+BN$G9qFb;:6H$KBP$9$k=EBg$JB;32$N860x$H$J$k$[$I$N$b$N$G!"B>$NMW0x$K$h$kB;32$rM"F~$K$h$kB;32$H$_$J$5$J$$$h$&3NJ]$9$k$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(the USITC$B!G(Bs causation analysis does not
ensure that imports, in and of themselves, are sufficient to cause serious
injury to the domestic industry once injury caused by other factors is not
attributed to imports)$B!"(B
$B!!0J>e$N$h$&$K!"%Q%M%k$O!"-!5Z$S-"$K$D$$$F$O!"#I#T#C$O#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1#9!%#1!J#a!K>r!"#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1!"#4!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?$,!"-#$K$D$$$F$O!"#I#T#C$O#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2!J#b!K>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#(B
$B0lIt$N9q$+$i$NM"F~$KBP$9$k#S#GA
$B!!#I#T#C$O!"(B$B$9$Y$F$N86;:CO$+$i$N(B$B>.G~%0%k%F%sM"F~$K$D$$$FB;325Z$S0x2L4X78J,@O$r9T$C$?(B(a $B!H(Bglobal$B!I(B investigation concerning injury and causation that
included imports of wheat gluten from all sources, regardless of their
origin)$B8e!"#N#A#F#T#A#8#0#2>r$K4p$E$-!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$,M"F~A4BN$K@j$a$k3d9g!"5Z$S!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$,=EBg$JB;32$N860x$H$J$C$F$$$kEY9g$$$r?3::$7(B(a separate and subsequent examination of whether imports from
Canada accounted for a substantial share of total imports, and whether imports
from Canada contributed importantly to the serious injury caused by imports)$B!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$,M"F~A4BN$K@j$a$k3d9g$O9b$$$b$N$N!"%+%J%@$+$i$NM"F~$O=EBg$JB;32$N
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r$N0UL#$K$D$$$F!"r5Z$S#4!%#2>r$NJ88@$O!"D4::$NBP>]$H$J$C$?M"F~;:IJ$NHO0O$O!"A
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"K\7o$K$*$1$k#I#T#C$N%"%W%m!<%A$K$D$$$F!"