WT/DS176/R

6 August 2001

United States – Section 211 Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1998

   Complaint by the European Communities

Report of the panel

 

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Mr. Wade Armstrong (chairperson)

Mr. François Dessemontet

Mr. Armand de Mestral

 

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$B#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj!JCNE*=jM-8"$NKG0W4XO"$NB&LL$K4X$9$k6(Dj(B; Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights$B!K(B

 

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(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no transaction or payment shall be authorized or approved pursuant to section 515.527 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on September 9, 1998, with respect to a mark, trade name, or commercial name that is the same as or substantially similar to a mark, trade name, or commercial name that was used in connection with a business or assets that were confiscated unless the original owner of the mark, trade name, or commercial name, or the bona fide successor-in-interest has expressly consented.

(2) No U.S. court shall recognize, enforce or otherwise validate any assertion of rights by a designated national based on common law rights or registration obtained under such section 515.527 of such a confiscated mark, trade name, or commercial name.

(b) No U.S. court shall recognize, enforce or otherwise validate any assertion of treaty rights by a designated national or its successor-in-interest under sections 44 (b) or (e) of the Trademark Act of 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1126 (b) or (e)) for a mark, trade name, or commercial name that is the same as or substantially similar to a mark, trade name, or commercial name that was used in connection with a business or assets that were confiscated unless the original owner of such mark, trade name, or commercial name, or the bona fide successor-in-interest has expressly consented.

 

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$B%Q%M%k$O!"#D#S#U!JJ6Ah2r7hN;2r!K#1#3>r$K4p$E$-#W#I#P#O(B(World Intellectual Property Organization)$B$K%Q%j>rLs$K4X$9$k4XO">pJs$J$I$r5a$a$?(B(8.11-8.13)$B!#(B

$B%Q%M%k$O!"(BUS – Gasoline$B>e5i0QJs9p$K4p$E$-%&%#!<%s>rLsK!>rLs#3#1>r!"#3#2>r$K4p$E$/2r(8.14-8.16)$B!#(B

$B%Q%M%k$O!"N)>Z@UG$$K4X$7$F(BUS – Shirts and Blouses$B>e5i0QJs9p$N86B'$r3NG'$7$?(B(8.17-8.19)$B!#(B

$B%Q%M%k$O!"&9f$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj$NBP>]$G$O$J$/!"$7$?$,$C$FK\7o%Q%M%k$O>&I8$K$D$$$F$N$_?3::$9$k$H=R$Y$?!#-!#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1!%#2>r$O!"K\6(Dj$N!VCNE*=jM-8"!W$,Bh#2It$NBh#1@a$+$iBh#7@a$^$G$N5,Dj$NBP>]$H$J$k$9$Y$F$N&9f$O4^$^$l$F$$$J$$(B(8.24-8.27)$B!"-"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r$K$h$l$P!"2CLA9q$OBh#2It$+$iBh#4It$^$G$N5,Dj$K$D$$$F#1#9#6#7G/$N%Q%j>rLsBh#1>r$+$iBh#1#2>r$^$G5Z$SBh#1#9>r$N5,Dj$r=erLs#8>r$O>&9f$NJ]8n$r5AL3IU$1$F$$$k$,!"Bh#2It$+$iBh#4It$^$G$N5,Dj!V$K$D$$$F(B(in respect of)$B!W$H$$$&J88@$O!"%Q%j>rLsBh#1>r$+$iBh#1#2>r$^$G5Z$SBh#1#9>r$r=e]$H$J$k8"Mx$K$D$$$F$N$_$H2r$9$k$Y$-$G$"$k(B(8.28-8.30)$B!"-##T#R#I#P#S6(Dj8r>D2aDx$+$i$b>e5-2r(8.32-8.40)$B!#(B

 

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$B!!%Q%M%k$Or(B(a)(1)$B$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#5!%#2>r$GG'$a$i$l$F$$$k!VB>$NM}M3!W$K$h$k5q@d$G$"$j!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#5!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#5!%#1>r5Z$S#1#5!%#2>r$K$h$l$P!"$"$kA$NM}M3!W$K4^$^$l$&$k$J$i$P!"2CLA9q$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#5!%#1>r$NMW7o$rK~$?$9I8<1$N>&I8EPO?$r5q$`$3$H$,$G$-$k(B(8.49-8.51)$B!"-"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#5!%#2>r$NDL>o$N0UL#$+$i!">&I8EPO?$N5q@d$,%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K>e$N5AL3$KH?$7$J$$$N$G$"$l$P!"2CLA9q$O!VB>$NM}M3!W$G>&I8EPO?$r5qH]$9$k$3$H$,$G$-!"5q@d$NM}M3$,L@<(E*$K#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj$d%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K$K5,Dj$5$l$F$$$kI,MW$O$J$$(B(8.53-8.54)$B!"-#%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6!%#1>r$O!V>&I8$NEPO?=P4j5Z$SEPO?$N>r7o$O!"3FF1LA9q$K$*$$$F9qFbK!Na$GDj$a$k(B(the conditions for the filing and registration of trademarks shall be determined in each country of the Union by its domestic legislation)$B!W$H5,Dj$7$F$*$j!"0lDj$N>r7o$K=>$&8B$j!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj5Z$S#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj$KAH$_$3$^$l$F$$$k%Q%j>rLs$N5,Dj$O!"?=@A&I88"&I8EPO?$r5q@d$9$k$3$H$r6X;_$7$F$$$J$$(B(the TRIPS Agreement and the provisions of the Paris Convention (1967) incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement do not prohibit Members from denying the registration of a trademark on the ground that the applicant is not the owner of the trademark as defined in their respective domestic legal system)(8.56)$B!"-$#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1!%#1>r$d#7>r$K8=$l$F$$$k?.5A@?e5->rJ8$NMtMQ$N2DG=@-$rKI$$$G$$$k(B(8.57)$B!"-%JF9qK!$O!";HMQ$K4p$E$$$F>&I88"r$b;HMQ$K4p$E$/%"%W%m!<%A$r:NMQ$7$F$$$k$,!"$3$N$h$&$J;HMQ$K4p$E$->&I88"r$K$h$jG'$a$i$l$F$$$k(B(8.64)$B!"-&#E#C$N$=$NB>$N(i)$B#2#1#1>r$OKW<}$5$l$?;q;:$K$D$$$F;HMQ$5$l$F$$$?>&I80J30$K$bE,MQ$5$l$F$$$k!"(B(ii)$B#2#1#1>r$ON`;w$7$F$$$k>&I8$K$bE,MQ$5$l$F$$$k!"(B(iii)$B#2#1#1>r$O85$N>&I88"l9g$K$bE,MQ$5$l$F$$$k!K$b;Y;}$G$-$J$$(B(8.66-8.69)$B!#(B

                                                        

$B#3!%(B$B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(1)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs#6$N#5#A!J#1!K@09g@-(B(Consistency of Section 211(a)(1) with Article 2.1 of the TRIPS Agreement in conjunction with Article 6quinquies A(1) of the Paris Convention (1967))

$B!!#E#C$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(1)$B$OJL$N#W#T#O2CLA9q$G>&I8$rEPO?$7$?8"Mx&I8$rEPO?$^$?$O0];}$9$k$3$H$rIT2DG=$K$7$F$*$j(B(prevents the owner of a trademark registered in another WTO Member from acquiring or maintaining a trademark registration in the United States)$B!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj$KAH$_9~$^$l$F$$$k%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#5#A!J#1!K$K0cH?$9$k$H(8.71)$B!#(B

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(Every trademark duly registered in the country of origin shall be accepted for filing and protected as is in the other countries of the Union, subject to the reservations indicated in this Article.  Such countries may, before proceeding to final registration, require the production of a certificate of registration in the country of origin, issued by the competent authority.  No authentication shall be required for this certificate.)

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$B#4!%#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>r!"#1#6!%#1>r@09g@-(B(Consistency of Section 211(a)(2) with Articles 42 and 16.1 of the TRIPS Agreement)

$B!!#E#C$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$K$h$j:[H==j$rDL$8$F8"Mx$r<99T$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>rBh#1J8!"#1#6!%#1>r$K0cH?$9$k$H(8.90)$B!#(B

$B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>r$K@09gE*$+(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r(B(a)(2)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>r$N!VDs6!$9$k(B(availability)$B!W$NDL>o$N0UL#$h$j!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>r$N2(right holders are entitled under Article 42 to have access to judicial procedures which are effective in terms of bringing about the enforcement of their rights covered by the Agreement when this is warranted)(8.95)$B!"-"#4#2>rBh#4J8$N!VN"IU$1$k(B(substantiate)$B!W$NDL>o$N0UL#$h$j!"Ev;v(the parties must have an effective opportunity to fully present their case before the court reaches its conclusions)(8.96)$B!"-##4#2>r$,#T#R#I#P#S6(DjBh#3ItBh#2@a$K0LCV$7!"#4#1>r$K5,Dj$5$l$kL1;v>e5Z$S9T@/>e$N(elaborates upon the general obligations contained in Section 1 of the same Part in respect of civil and administrative procedures and remedies)$B$H$$$&J8L.!"$^$?6(Dj$NA0J8$K5,Dj$5$l$k!VKG0W4XO"$NCNE*=jM-8"$N9T;H$N$?$a$N8z2LE*$+$DE,Ev$J(the provision of effective and appropriate means for the enforcement of trade-related intellectual property rights)$B!W$H$$$&(8.97)$B!"-$#4#2>rBh#1J8$NCm$O!"CNE*=jM-8"$N8"Mx&I8$N8"Mx]$H$7$F$$$k(B(an owner of an intellectual property right but also to others who may have legal standing in the jurisdiction in question to assert rights such as a holder of a registration who may be considered the presumptive owner of a registered trademark)(8.98)$B!"-%JF9qK!$N2<$G$OEPO?J];}&I8$N8"Mx&I8$N8"Mxe$N5AL3$K@09gE*$JB>$NM}M3$K$h$C$F8"Mx(this presumptive owner must have access to civil judicial procedures that are effective in terms of bringing about the enforcement of its rights until the moment that there is a determination by the court that it is, in fact, not the owner of the trademark that it has registered or that there is some other disqualifying ground which is compatible with international obligations)(8.99)$B!"-&JF9q$O#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O;JK!@\1F6A$rM?$($k$b$N$G$O$J$$$Hr(B(a)(2)$B$N>r7o$,K~$?$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$K$O:[H==j$O$O$8$a$+$i8"Mx$N(the court is ab initio not permitted to recognize its assertion of rights if the conditions of Section 211(a)(2) are met)$B$H$$$&$3$H$+$i!"(8.100)$B!#(B

$B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#6!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$+(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$Or(B(a)(2)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#6!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$3$H$r>ZL@$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#6!%#1>r$O!"EPO?$b$7$/$O;HMQ$K$h$C$F8"Mx$rF@$?>&I88"E*8"Mx$,M?$($i$l$k$3$H$rG'$a$F$$$k(B(recognizes that exclusive rights can be conferred on the owner of a trademark who may have established ownership either through registration or use)$B$,!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj$O>&I88"&I88"(to determine who the owner of a registered trademark is, it is necessary to have a recourse to the national law of the Members)(8.107-8.108)$B!"-"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N2<$G!":[H==j$OE,@Z$J>&I88"E*8"Mx$rG'$a$F$$$k(B(Section 211(a)(2) allows for the person whom the court considers to be the proper owner of registered trademark under US law to be granted exclusive rights)(8.111)$B!#(B

 

$B#5!%#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#2!J#1!K@09g@-(B(Consistency of Section 211(a)(2) with Article 2.1 of the TRIPS Agreement in conjunction with Article 6bis(1) of the Paris Convention (1967))

$B!!#E#C$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O9-$/G'<1$5$l$F$$$k$+H]$+$K4X$o$i$:$"$k&I8$KBP$9$kJ]8n$rH]Dj$7$F$*$j!"%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#2!J#1!K$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H(8.113)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r(B(a)(2)$B$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#2!J#1!K$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#2$O$"$k>u67$K$*$$$F$OEPO?$r5q@dKt$OL58z$H$9$k$3$H$r5a$a$F$$$k(B(requires Members to refuse or cancel registrations in certain cases)$B$,!"#2#1#1>r$OEPO?$N5q@d$dL58z$K4X$9$k5,Dj$G$O$J$$(B(8.116)$B!"-"%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K$O$"$k>u67$K$*$$$F9-$/G'<1$5$l$F$$$k>&I8$N;HMQ$r6X;_$7$F$$$k$,!"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O:[H==j$,9-$/G'<1$5$l$F$$$k>&I8$NE,@Z$J8"Mx(nothing in Section 211(a)(2) would prevent US courts from providing that protection to the person who is considered the proper owner of a confiscated well-known trademark under US law)$B!#(B

$B"(;29M!'%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#2!J#1!K(B

$BF1LA9q$O!"0l$N>&I8$,!"B>$N0l$N>&I8$G$3$N>rLs$NMx1W$r&I8$H$7$F$+$DF10l&IJ$K$D$$$F;HMQ$5$l$F$$$k$b$N$H$7$F$=$NF1LA9q$K$*$$$F9-$/G'<1$5$l$F$$$k$H$=$N8"8B$N$"$kEv6I$+G'$a$k$b$N$NJ#@=$G$"$k>l9gKt$OEv3:B>$N0l$N>&I8$H:.F1$r@8$8$5$;$d$9$$LOJol9g$K$O!"$=$NF1LA9q$NK!Na$,5v$9$H$-$O?&8"$r$b$D$F!"Kt$OMx324X78?M$N@A5a$K$h$j!"Ev3:0l$N>&I8$NEPO?$r5q@d$7Kt$OL58z$H$7!"5Z$S$=$N;HMQ$r6X;_$9$k$3$H$rLsB+$9$k!#0l$N>&I8$NMWIt$,!"$=$N$h$&$J9-$/G'<1$5$l$F$$$kB>$N0l$N>&I8$NJ#@=$G$"$k>l9gKt$OEv3:B>$N0l$N>&I8$H:.F1$r@8$8$5$;$d$9$$LOJo$G$"$k>l9g$b!"F1MM$H$9$k!#(B

(The countries of the Union undertake, ex officio if their legislation so permits, or at the request of an interested party, to refuse or to cancel the registration, and to prohibit the use, of a trademark which constitutes a reproduction, an imitation, or a translation, liable to create confusion, of a mark considered by the competent authority of the country of registration or use to be well known in that country as being already the mark of a person entitled to the benefits of this Convention and used for identical or similar goods. These provisions shall also apply when the essential part of the mark constitutes a reproduction of any such well‑known mark or an imitation liable to create confusion therewith.)

 

$B#6!%#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#8>r$H$N@09g@-(B(Consistency of Section 211(a)(2) with Article 2.1 of the TRIPS Agreement in conjunction with Article 8 of the Paris Convention(1967))

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"@h$K>&9f$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj$NBP>]$K4^$^$l$J$$$HG'Dj$7$?$3$H$+$i!"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#8>r@09g@-$r?3::$7$J$+$C$?!#(B

 

$B#7!%#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#3!%#1>r!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#2!%#1>r$H$N@09g@-(B(Consistency of Section 211(a)(2) with Article 3.1 of the TRIPS Agreement and 2.1 of the TRIPS Agreement in conjunction with Article 2.1 of the Paris Convention (1967))

$B!!#E#C$O!"(B(i)$B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O;XDj$5$l$?9qL1!"$9$J$o$A%-%e!<%P5Z$S%-%e!<%P9qL1$KE,MQ$5$l$k(B(the provision applies in respect of $B!H(Bdesignated nationals$B!I(B which are basically comprised of Cuba and Cuban nationals)$B!"(B(ii)$B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O309q@R$NMx1W$N>57Q?M$KBP$7$F$N$_@)8B$r2]$7$F$*$jJF9q?M$K$OF1MM$N@)8B$r2]$7$F$$$J$$(B(at the level of successors-in-interest, the statutory language refers only to nationals of a foreign country without referring to US nationals)$B$H$7$F!"F1>r$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#3!%#1>r0cH?$r(8.123)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$Or0cH?$r>ZL@$9$k$K$O!"(B(i)$B!VCNE*=jM-8"$N(the existence of a measures in a Member that affects the $B!H(Bavailability, acquisition, scope, maintenance and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as those matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically addressed$B!I(B in the TRIPS Agreement)$B!"(B(ii)$B$=$N$h$&$JA$N2CLA9q$N9qL1$KITMx$JBT6x$rM?$($F$$$k$3$H(B(that such measure provides less favourable treatment to the nationals of other Members in connection with protection of intellectual property rights)$B$r>ZL@$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(8.127)$B!"-"Ev;v9q$O!"!VCNE*=jM-8"$N(8.128)$B!"-#(BUS – Section 337$B%Q%M%kJs9p!"(BCanada – Marketing Agencies$B%Q%M%kJs9p$h$j!"ITMx$JBT6x$,$"$k$+H]$+$rH=CG$9$k$K$O!"A$N2CLA9q$N9qL1$H$N4V$K8z2LE*$J5!2q$NJ?Ey$r3NJ]$7$F$$$k$+(B(whether the measure provides effective equality of opportunities)$B$r?3::$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(8.129-8.131)$B!"-$#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O309q$NMx1W$N>57Q?M$KBP$7$F$N$_8"Mx$NG'Dj!"<99T!"M-8z$H$9$k$3$H$rK8$2$F$*$j!"$3$l<+BN$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#3!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$&$k(B(8.133)$B!"-%$7$+$7!"JF9q$N(Section 515.201 of 31 CFR)$B$N257Q?M$K$J$k$3$H$,$G$-$:!"$^$?$3$l$^$GFCDj%i%$%;%s%9$,M?$($i$l$?$3$H$O$J$$(B(8.134)$B!"-&5AL3E*K!N'!":[NLE*K!N'(B(mandatory and discretionary legislation)$B$K4X$7$F!"#O#F#A#C$O%i%$%;%s%9$rM?$($k$+H]$+$K$D$$$F:[NL$rM-$7$F$$$k9T@/5!4X$G$"$k(B(8.136-8.137)$B!"-'85$N8"Mx(8.139)$B!#(B

 

$B#8!%#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4>r$H$N@09g@-(B(Consistency of Section 211(a)(2) with Article 4 of the TRIPS Agreement)

$B!!#E#C$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O%-%e!<%P9qL1$HJF9qL1!"$^$?%-%e!<%P!&%-%e!<%P9qL1$HJF9q0J30$N$=$NB>$N9qL1$H$r:9JL$7$F$*$j!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4>r$K0cH?$9$k$H(8.141)$B!#(B

$B%Q%M%k$O!"r$O!"%-%e!<%P$NKW<}$K4X$7$F!"KW<}57Q?M$,%-%e!<%P9qL1$G$"$k$+B>9qL1$G$"$k$+$K4X$o$i$:!">&I88"$rF1$8$h$&$K@)8B$7$F$*$j!"%-%e!<%P0J30$N9qL1$KBP$7$F%-%e!<%P9qL1$K$OM?$($i$l$F$$$J$$!VMx1W!"FCE5!"FC8"Kt$OLH=|(B(any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity)$B!W$rM?$($?$H$O$$$($J$$(B(8.145-8.146)$B!"-"#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$N5,Dj$O85$N>&I88"(8.147)$B!#(B

 

$B#9!%#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$N#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj@09g@-(B(Consistency of Section 211(b) with the TRIPS Agreement)

$B!!#E#C$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$N!V@53N$JBP>]$O$"$$$^$$$G$"$k(B(precise scope is obscure)$B!W$b$N$N!"BP>]$O#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$H!V%Q%i%l%k(B(parallel)$B!W$G$"$k$H9M$($i$l!"$^$?%O%P%J%/%i%V!&%1!<%9$G$O#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$NBP>]$,9-$/2rr(B(a)(2)$B$K4X$9$kr(B(b)$B$K4X$7$F$b=`MQ$5$l$k(B(apply mutatis mutandis)$B$H(8.149)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#2#1#1>r$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#6!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N#E#C$NZ5r$r<($7$F$*$i$:%Q%M%k?3::$K$*$$$FI,MW$JN)>Z@UG$$r2L$?$7$F$$$J$$$H$7$F!"#E#C$N(8.153-8.159)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N#E#C$NZ@UG$$,2L$?$5$l$F$$$J$$$H$7$F#E#C$N(8.162)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M(B$B%k$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#2$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N#E#C$NZ@UG$$,2L$?$5$l$F$$$J$$$H$7$F#E#C$N(8.164)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#8>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N#E#C$N&9f$O#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj$NBP>]$G$O$J$$$H$N@h$NG'Dj$K4p$E$-#E#C$N(8.165)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#3!%#1>r!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#2!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N#E#C$Nr(B(b)$B$,CNE*=jM-8"$NJ]8n$K1F6A$rM?$($k$3$H$K$OEv;v9q4V$KAh$$$,$J$$$,!"#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$O#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$H0[$J$j!V;XDj$5$l$?9qL1$b$7$/$O$=$NMx1W$N>57Q?M!W$rBP>]$H$7@)8B$r309q?M$K8BDj$9$kJ88@$,$J$$$H$7$F!"#E#C$N(8.171-8.173)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#2#1#1>r(B(b)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$N#E#C$Nr(B(a)(2)$B$K4X$9$kG'DjM}M3$HF1MM$NM}M3$G#E#C$N(8.176)$B!#(B

 

*$B%Q%M%k$N(B$B7kO@5Z$S4+9p(B

$B!!0J>e$h$j!"%Q%M%k$O

(a)    $B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(1)$B$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#5!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!#(B

(b)    $B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(1)$B$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#5#A!J#1!K$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!#(B

(c)    $B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$,#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#1#6!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$O>ZL@$5$l$F$$$J$$!#(B

(d)    $B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#4#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k!#(B

(e)    $B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#6>r$N#2$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!#(B

(f)     $B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs#8>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!#(B

(g)    $B#2#1#1>r(B(a)(2)$B$O!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#3!%#1>r!"#T#R#I#P#S6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S%Q%j>rLs!J#1#9#6#7G/!K#2!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!#(B

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(j)      $B#2#1#1>r(B(b)