WT/DS202/R
29
October 2001
United
States
– Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Circular Welded Carbon Quality
Line Pine from Korea
Complaint by Korea
Report of the panel
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Mr. Dariusz Rosati
(chairperson)
Mr. Roberto Azevedo
Mr. Eduardo Bianchi
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Agreement on Safeguards)$B!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T!J@i6eI46e==;MG/$N4X@G5Z$SKG0W$K4X$9$k0lHL6(Dj(B; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade$B!K(B
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$BHkL)>pJs$N%Q%M%k$X$NDs=P(B(Release of confidential record information to
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quantitative limit on the application or availability, of a lower tariff rate
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at a distribution of trade in such product approaching as closely as possible
the shares which the various contracting parties might be expected to obtain in
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$B!!4Z9q$O (representing
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result in nullifying the effect of another provision of the same treaty)$B!#(B
**$B#9!$#0#0#0%H%sNc30!';vH(B
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Safeguard$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$O!"#S#GA$B$^$?$O(B$B4X@G3dEv$H$$$&8@$$J}$O$7$J$$$O$:$G$"$k(B(7.72)$B!"-$4X@G3dEv$O!"3dEv(B(quota)$B$N0lr!J#a!K$N0UL#$K$*$1$k!V3dEv!W$,4X@G3dEv$r4^$`$H$O9M$($i$l$J$$(B(7.73)$B!#(B
$B!!4Z9q$O$^$?!"(BKorea – Dairy
Safeguard$B>e5i0QJs9p!J!V#S#GA$B7hDj$r9T$&:]$K#S#GA$BL@3N$J@5Ev2=$r$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B($B!F(Bclear justification$B!G(B has to be given by a Member applying a
safeguard measure at the time of the
decision, in its recommendations or determinations on the application of the
safeguard measure)$B!W!K$r0zMQ$7$D$D!"JF9q$OAZL@$7$F$*$i$:(B(failed to demonstrate the necessity of the line pipe measure at
the time of its imposition)$B!"#S#G6(Dj#5!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H(7.76)$B!#(B
$B%Q%M%k$O$^$:!"#S#G6(Dj#5!%#1>rBh#1J8$N5AL3$K$D$$$F!"Korea – Dairy
Safeguard$B>e5i0QJs9p$K$h$l$P!"#S#G6(Dj#5!%#1>r$O#S#GA(7.78-7.79)(obliges a Member applying a safeguard measure to ensure
that the measure applied is commensurate with the goals of preventing or
remedying serious injury and of facilitating adjustment)$B!"-"$7$+$7!"(BKorea – Dairy Safeguard$B>e5i0QJs9p$K$h$l$P!"JF9q$OAZL@$9$k$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$i$l$F$$$J$$(B(7.81)(the United States was not required to demonstrate, at the
time of imposition, that the line pipe measure was $B!H(Bnecessary to prevent or
remedy serious injury and to facilitate adjustment$B!I(B)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"ZL@$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!4Z9q$O!"%i%$%s%Q%$%WA(International Trade Commission)$B$K$h$C$F4+9p$5$l$?A(on a comparison of the line pipe measure with the measure
recommended by the ITC and the measure proposed by Petitioners)$B!"%i%$%s%Q%$%WAe$G$"$C$?$HrBh#1J8$N0UL#$K$*$1$k!VI,MW!W$+$b$7$/$O$=$l0J>e$N$b$N$G$"$C$?>l9g$N$_$G$"$k(B(7.93)(the comparison proposed by Korea would only be determinative
if the restrictive effect of either the ITC recommendation or the Petitioners$B!G(B
proposal was set at, or above, the maximum amount $B!H(Bnecessary$B!I(B within the
meaning of Article 5.1, first sentence)$B!"-"#I#T#C$N4+9p$7$?Ae!K(B(at (or above))$B$G$"$C$?$3$H$O>ZL@$5$l$F$*$i$:!"!VI,MW!W$JA$B0J2<(B(below)$B$G$"$C$?$+$b$7$l$:!"$=$N0UL#$G!"#I#T#C$N4+9p$7$?Al9g$b$"$j$&$k(B(7.94)$B!"-##I#T#C$O!"?=@A(would exceed the amount necessary to prevent ore remedy serious
injury)$B!W$H$7$F$*$j!"$3$l$,@5$7$1$l$P?=@AZ$9$k:]$NE,@Z$J%Y%s%A%^!<%/$H$J$j$&$k$,(B(it is possible that the Petitioners$B!G(B proposal could constitute an
appropriate benchmark for the purpose of assessing the line pipe measure. That is to say, if the line pipe measure
were shown to be more restrictive of imports than the Petitioners$B!G(B proposal,
one could perhaps infer from this that the line pipe measure also exceeded what
was $B!H(Bnecessary$B!I(B for the purpose of Article 5.1, first sentence)$B!"4Z9q$O%i%$%s%Q%$%WA(7.95-7.97)(in order to demonstrate that the line pipe measure was
more restrictive of imports than the measure proposed by Petitioners, Korea
should have compared the application of the measures as a whole. Korea
should not have compared the application of the separate constituent parts of
the measures in isolation. Nor
should Korea have ignored certain important qualitative differences between the
two measures)$B!"-$4Z9q$N0zMQ$7$F$$$k!V0U?^$5$l$?8z2L$K$D$$$F$N?dDj>Z5r(B(inferential evidence of the intended impact)$B!W!J3dEvFbM"F~(B(in-quota
imports)$B!"3dEv30M"F~(B(out-of-quota imports)$B!"M"F~%G!<%?!"7P:QJ,@O!"M"F~0J30$NMW0x$K$h$kB;32!K$O!"I,$:$7$b%i%$%s%Q%$%WAe$NAZL@$9$k$b$N$G$O$J$/!"$^$?(BKorea – Dairy
Safeguard$B>e5i0QJ,@O$+$iL@$i$+$J$h$&$KJF9q$OAZL@$7$J$/$H$bNI$$(B(7.98-7.110)$B!#(B
$B!!4Z9q$O$^$?!"#I#T#C$NB;32G'Dj;~$K$O;:6H$N7J5$$O2sI|798~$K$"$j!"5_:QA$K$"$C$?$H$7$F$b#3G/4V$N5_:QA(no remedy, let alone a measure for three years, was necessary)$B!"$7$?$,$C$FJF9q$O#S#G6(Dj#7!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H(7.112)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"4Z9q$N#S#G6(Dj#7!%#1>r$Nr$K78$k(7.114)$B!#(B
$B!!4Z9q$O$5$i$K!"#G#A#T#T#1#9!%#1>r!J#a!K$N0cH?$br5Z$S#S#G6(Dj#7!%#1>r$N0cH??=N)$HF1$85DO@(B(arguments)$B$K4p$E$-r5Z$S#S#G6(Dj#7!%#1>r$K78$k?=N)$,B`$1$i$l$?0J>e#G#A#T#T#1#9!%#1>r!J#a!K$N(7.115)$B!#(B
$B#S#G6(Dj#3!%#1>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r!J#c!K$K4X$9$k?=N)(B
$B!!4Z9q$O!"JF9q$OArBh#1J8$NMW7o$rK~$?$7$F$$$k$3$H$r>ZL@$7$F$*$i$:!"$7$?$,$C$F#S#G6(Dj#3!%#1>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r!J#c!K$K0cH?$7$?$H(7.116)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r5Z$S#4!%#2>r!J#c!K$K78$k?=N)$O%Q%M%k$NIUBw;v9`(B(terms of reference)$B$K4^$^$l$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#S#G6(Dj#5!%#1>r$N?=N)$OI,A3E*$K#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2>r!J#c!K$N?=N)$rH<$&$o$1$G$O$J$/(B(there is nothing in the text of either provision to suggest that a
claim under one necessarily implies a claim under the other)$B!"#S#G6(Dj#5>r$K78$k?=N)$H#S#G6(Dj#3!%#1>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r!J#c!K$K78$k?=N)$H$O!"4Z9q$N(integrally linked)$B!W?=N)$H$OG'$a$i$l$J$$(B(7.120-122)$B!"-"4Z9q$N%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A$N$J$+$K$OJF9q$N>pJs$NDs6!$r#S#G6(Dj#3>r5Z$S#4>r0cH?$H$7$?0l@a$,$"$k$,!"#S#G6(Dj#3!%#1>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r!J#c!K$OC1$J$k>pJsDs6!0J>e$N$b$N$rMW5a$7$F$*$j!"$=$N$h$&$J>\:Y$JMW7o$,4Z9q$N%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A$NCf$K4^$^$l$F$$$?$H$O9M$($i$l$J$$(B(Since Articles 3.1 and 4.2(c) calls for far more than the simple
provision of information, no reasonable reading of Claim 9 could encompass the
more detailed requirements of these provisions)(7.123)$B!"-#4Z9q$OJF9q$,$3$l$i$N?=N)$K4X$7$F2?$NITMx1W$bHo$C$F$$$J$$(B(the United States had not suffered any prejudice)$B$H(there is no question of whether or not the legal basis of that
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$B!!4Z9q$O!"JF9q$,%i%$%s%Q%$%WA]$+$i%+%J%@5Z$S%a%-%7%3$r=|30$7$?$3$H$O!"#G#A#T#T#1!"#1#3!"#1#9>r5Z$S#S#G6(Dj#2!%#2>r$N:G7C9qBT6x86B'$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H(7.127-7.130)$B!#0lJ}JF9q$O!"%+%J%@5Z$S%a%-%7%3$N=|30$O<+M3KG0WCO0h$K4X$9$k#G#A#T#T#2#4>r$K$h$jG'$a$i$l$F$$$k$HH?O@$7$?(B(7.131-7.134)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$Or$K78$k?=N)$KBP$7!"JF9q$O#G#A#T#T#2#4>r$r93J[$H$7$FMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!"$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#G#A#T#T#2#4!%#5>r$K$h$l$P!"2CLA9q$O!"$"$k5,Dj$5$l$?>u67$K$*$$$F!"!V4X@G$=$NB>$N@)8BE*DL>&5,B'!JBh==0l>r!"Bh==Fs>r!"Bh==;0>r!"Bh==;M>r!"Bh==8^>r$*$h$SBhFs==>r$N5,Dj$K4p$E$$$FG'$a$i$l$k$b$N$GI,MW$H$5$l$k$b$N$r=|$/!#!K$,$=$N9=@.CO0h$N86;:$N;:IJ$N9=@.CO0h4V$K$*$1$ke$9$Y$F$NKG0W$K$D$$$F!WGQ;_$9$k$3$H$rG'$a$i$l$F$$$k(B(We understand Article XXIV:5 to mean that Members are authorized,
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under Articles XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV and XX) $B!D(B on substantially all the trade$B!I(B
between them and their free-trade area partners)(7.140)$B!"-"%i%$%s%Q%$%WA$N@)8BE*DL>&5,B'!W$G$"$k$H9M$($i$l$k$+$i!"#2$D$N>r7o!J#N#A#F#T#A$,(B(1)$B#G#A#T#T#2#4!%#5>r!J#b!K5Z$S!J#c!K$r=e(2)$B4X@G$=$NB>$N@)8BE*DL>&5,B'$r!Ve$9$Y$F$N!W#N#A#F#T#A0hFbKG0W$K$D$$$FGQ;_$7$F$$$k$3$H(B(NAFTA must (1) comply with Article XXIV:5(b) and (c), and (2)
eliminate duties and other restrictive regulations if commerce on
$B!H(Bsubstantially all$B!I(B intra-NAFTA trade$B!K$rK~$?$98B$j%+%J%@5Z$S%a%-%7%3$N=|30$O#G#A#T#T#2#4!%#5>r$K$h$jG'$a$i$l$k(B(7.141)$B!"-##N#A#F#T#A$O>e5-#2$D$N>r7o$rK~$?$7$F$*$j!"$7$?$,$C$FJF9q$O!"4Z9q$N#G#A#T#T#1!"#1#3!"#1#9>r$K4X$9$k?=N)$KBP$7!"#G#A#T#T#2#4>r$r93J[$H$7$FMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B(the United States is entitled to rely on an Article XXIV defence against Korea$B!G(Bs claim under Articles I, XIII and
XIX regarding the exclusion of imports from Canada and Mexico from the scope of
the line pipe measure)$B!"-$(BTurkey – Textiles$B>e5i0QJs9p$G$O!">e5-$N>r7o$K2C$(!"I,MW@-%F%9%H!JEv;v9q$O!"LdBj$H$J$C$F$$$kAZL@$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$H$$$&%F%9%H!K(B(necessity test ($B!H(B[a] party must demonstrate that the formation of
a customs union would be prevented if it were not allowed to introduce the
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measures against imports from a third
country, upon the formation of that customs union)$B$H$$$&Ev3:;v7o$N;v(B$B>p$K$h$k$b$N$H9M$($i$l!"K\7o$K$*$$$F$OI,MW@-%F%9%H$NE,MQ$O$J$$(B(7.147-7.148)$B!"(B