WT/DS212/R

31 July 2002

United States – Countervailing Measures concerning Certain Products from the European Communities

    Complaint by the European Communities

Report of the panel

 

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$B#E#C(B(European Communities)

 

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Gilles Gauthier (Chairperson)

Ms. Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch

Mr. Michael Mulgrew

 

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$BJd=u6b6(Dj!JJd=u6b$*$h$SAj;&AAgreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures$B!K(B

 

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$B"(>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$K$D$$$F$O!"(B$B>e5i0Q0w2q7hDj$NJ,@O(B$B$r$4;29M$/$@$5$$!#(B

 

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$BK\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$?$N$O!"#1#2$NE49]@=IJ$K4X$9$kAj;&4X@GG'Dj$G!"#1#2$9$Y$F$NG'Dj$K$*$$$F!"L11D2=$K$h$k=jM-8"0\E>$N1F6A$rI>2A$9$k$?$a$N#2J}<0!"$9$J$o$A!V%,%s%^(B(gamma)$B!WJ}<05Z$S!VF10l?M3J(B(same person)$B!WJ}<0$,MQ$$$i$l$F$$$k!##1#2$NG'Dj$N$&$A!"#6$D$O%*%j%8%J%kD4::$K4X$9$kG'Dj!J(BStainless Sheet and Strip in Coils from France (C-427-815) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 1); Certain Cut-to-Length Carbon Quality Steel from France (C-427-817) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 2);  Certain Stainless Steel Wire Rod from Italy (C-475-821) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 3); Stainless Steel Plate in Coils from Italy (C-475-823) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 4);  Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils from Italy (C-475-825) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 5);  Certain Cut-to-Length Carbon-Quality Steel Plate from Italy (C‑475-827) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 6)$B!K!"#2$D$O9T@/8+D>$7$K4X$9$kG'Dj!J(BCut-to-Length Carbon Steel Plate from Sweden (C‑401-804) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 7);  Grain-oriented Electrical Steel from Italy (C-475-812) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 12)$B!K!";D$j$N#4$D$O%5%s%;%C%H!&%l%S%e!<$K4X$9$kG'Dj!J(BCut-to-Length Carbon Steel Plate from United Kingdom (C-412-815) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 8);  Certain Corrosion-Resistant Carbon Steel Flat Products from France (C‑427‑810) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 9); Cut-to-Length Carbon Steel Plate from Germany (C‑428-817) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 10); and Cut-to-Length Carbon Steel Plate from Spain (C-469-804) ($B%1!<%9(B No. 11)$B!K$G$"$k!#(B

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$B!!K\7o$N#1#2$NG'Dj$N$&$A!"#1#1$NG'Dj$G$OEv=i%,%s%^J}<0$,MQ$$$i$l!";D$j$N$R$H$D!J%1!<%9(BNo.12$B!K$G$OF10l?M3JJ}<0$,MQ$$$i$l$?!#$^$?!"JF9q#C#I#T(B($B9q:]KG0W:[H==j(B)$B$N:9La$7$K$h$k:FG'Dj$G$O!"#1#1$N$&$A#4$D$NG'Dj!J%1!<%9(BNo.1$B!"(BNo.2$B!"(BNo.4$B!"(BNo.6$B!K$GF10l?M3JJ}<0$,MQ$$$i$l$?!#(B

$B!!JF9q$O!">&L3>J$,=jM-8"0\E>$NA08e$K$*$1$kK!?M3J$N0[F1$r==J,$KD4$Y$F$$$J$$$J$i$P!"%,%s%^J}<0$K4p$E$/#7$D$NG'Dj!J%1!<%9(BNo.1$B$+$i(BNo.7$B!K$K$D$$$F$O6(Dj0cH?$H$J$k$3$H$rG'$a$F$$$k!#(B

$B!!%,%s%^J}<0$K$h$l$P!">&L3>J$O!"L11D2=A0$NJd=u6b$NB8:_$rI>2A$7$?8e!"L11D2=$K$h$jL$MxMQJd=u6b$,$I$NDxEY;D$j!"Aj;&2DG=$+$rG'Dj$9$k(B(after assessing the existence of pre-privatization subsidies, the US Department of Commerce determines to what extent (if any) the privatization transaction price repaid unamortized subsidies, and countervail the remainder (if any))$B!#$3$NJ}<0$G$O!"L11D2=8e$bL$MxMQJd=u6b$N$9$Y$F$b$7$/$O0lIt$,Aj;&2DG=$H$J$k2DG=@-$d$9$Y$F$,Aj;&2DG=$G$J$$$H$J$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!#$J$*!"(BUS – Lead and Bismuth II$B%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$O!"9T@/8+D>$7$K4X$9$kG'Dj$GMQ$$$i$l$?%,%s%^J}<0$rJd=u6b6(Dj0cH?$HG'Dj$7$F$$$k!#(B

$B!!F10l?M3JJ}<0$G$O!"#2CJ3,%F%9%H$,MQ$$$i$l$k!#Bh#1CJ3,$G$O!"L11D2=8e$NAH?%$,L11D2=A0$KJd=u6b$r(The fist step consists in an analysis of whether the post-privatization entity is the same legal person that received the original subsidies before privatization.)$B!#JL$N?M3J$G$"$k$HG'Dj$5$l$F>l9g$K$O!"L11D2=A0$K2]$5$l$F$$$?Jd=u6bAj;&4X@G$O!"L11D2=8e$K$O2]$5$l$J$$!#$7$+$7!"JL$N?M3J$G$"$k$HG'Dj$7$?>l9g$G$"$C$F$b>&L3>J$O!"@/I\$+$iGd5Q$5$l$?$H$-$N2A3J$,8x@5$J;T>l2A3[$HFHN)6H2A$7$F!"=jM-8"$N0\E>$K$h$jJd=u6b$,L11D2=8e$NAH?%$K$h$C$FMxMQ$5$l$F$$$J$$$+$r?3::$7$&$k(B(The US Department of Commerce would, however, proceed to examine in such an event, whether any subsidy had been bestowed upon the post-privatization entity as a result of the change in ownership (by assessing whether the sale was for fair market value and at arm$B!G(Bs-length))$B!#0lJ}!"L11D2=A0$bL11D2=8e$bF1$8?M3J$G$"$k$HG'Dj$5$l$?>l9g$K$O!"Jd=u6b$O0MA3$H$7$F

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$B0J>e$N$[$+!"K\7o$G$O=jM-8"$,0\E>$7$?:]$NJd=u6bAj;&4X@G$N07$$$K$D$$$F5,Dj$7$?JF9qK!#1#6#7#7>r(B(5)(F)$B$=$N$b$N$bLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$?!#F1>r$N>rJ8$O0J2<$N$H$*$j!#(B

"a change in ownership of all or part of a foreign enterprise or the productive assets of a foreign enterprise does not by itself require a determination by the administering authority that a past countervailable subsidy received by the enterprise no longer continues to be countervailable, even if the change in ownership is accomplished through an arm's-length transaction."

 

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r$NBP>]HO0O(B>$B#1!%(B$BL11D2=$,Jd=u6b$HAj;&4X@GA(The Impact of Privatization on the Determination of Subsidization and Related Countervailing Duties)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%*%j%8%J%kD4::$K78$k%1!<%9(BNo.1$B$+$i(B6$B$K$D$$$F!"$7$?:]$NJd=u6b6(Dj>e$NK!E*8z2L(B(the legal consequences, under the SCM Agreement, of a change in ownership leading to the privatization of state-owned producers)$B!"$9$J$o$AFHN)6Hl2A3[$G$NL11D2=$K$h$j!"Aj;&2DG=$JJd=u6b$,>CLG$9$k$+!"$^$?>CLG$9$k$J$i$PK\7o$N#1#2$NG'Dj$K$D$$$F$O$I$N$h$&$J$3$H$,$$$($k$+!"$H$$$&$b$N$G$"$k(B(whether an arm$B!G(Bs-length privatization for market value can extinguish an otherwise countervailable subsidy, and if so, what are the implications for the 12 determinations at issue.)(7.39)$B!"-"$7$?$,$C$F%Q%M%k$O!"Jd=u6b6(Dj$NH$i$7!"$@$l$,Jd=u6b6(Dj>e$N!VMx1W!W$r5}ZL@$5$l$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$N$+(B(to who the benefit accrues – more specifically whether a distinction must be made between the $B!H(Bbenefit to the owners$B!I(B of the company and the $B!H(Bbenefit to the company itself$B!I(B – and how the existence of a benefit must be established when privatization has taken place)$B!"$r8!F$$9$k(B(7.40)$B!"-#r$OAj;&4X@G$rIj2]$7$&$k>r7o$r#3$DDj$a$F$*$j!"$=$N$&$A$N$R$H$D$,M"F~IJ$KJd=u6b$,5kIU$5$l$F$$$k$3$H!"$H$/$KMx1W$,$"$k$3$H$G$"$k(B(7.41-7.43)$B!"-$Jd=u6b6(Dj$O!VMx1W!W$rDj5A$7$F$$$J$$$,!"(BCanada – Aircraft$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p!"(BUS – Lead and Bismuth II$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$K$h$l$P!"Mx1W$O<+A3?M$^$?$OK!?M$G$"$k(7.44-7.47)$B!"-%Jd=u6b6(Dj$K$*$$$FLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$O!"Jd=u6b$K$h$j@8;:e$,$C$?$+H]$+$G$"$j!"$=$N$h$&$JG=NO$O4k6H$N=jM-e$O4k6H$H3t2A$NBP>]$G$"$kMx1W$N!V(no distinction should be made between a company and its shareholders, as together they constitute a producer, a natural or legal person that may be the $B!H(Brecipient$B!I(B of the benefit to be assessed)(7.50-7.56)$B!"-&(BCanada – Aircraft$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$b=R$Y$F$$$k$h$&$K!"!VMx1W!W$,$"$k$+$J$$$+$O;T>l$K4p$E$/Hf3S$K$h$jJ,@O$9$k(B(7.57-7.59)$B!"-'L11D2=$H$OFC$G$"$j(B(particular and complex change in ownership)$B!"FC$KK\7o$N#1#2$NG'Dj$K78$kL11D2=$G$O!"@/I\$O$9$Y$F$b$7$/$O(the relevant government had sold all, or substantially all, its ownership interest and clearly no longer had any controlling interest in the privatized producer)(7.60-7.62)$B!"-((BUS – Lead and Bismuth II$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$rF'$^$(!"$^$?L11D2=8e$N@8;:(it is possible that the advantage, the benefit from the prior financial contribution (subsidization), has been extinguished vis-à-vis)$B$3$H$+$i!"L11D2=$5$l$?$H$NDLCN$re$NAj;&4X@GIj2]$N>r7o$rL11D2=8e$N?7$?$J@8;:(the importing Member must (re)examine the conditions of application of the SCM Agreement vis-à-vis the privatized producer)(7.64-7.71)$B!"-)Jd=u6b$O0lDj$N4|4VMx1W$r$b$?$i$9$H?dDj$5$l$k(B(presumption)$B$b$N$N!"L11D2=;~$K@/I\$h$jL14V4k6H$KGd$jEO$5$l$?2A3J$,FHN)6Hl9g$K$O!"$=$N$h$&$J?dDj$OJ$$5$l!"L11D2=8e$N@8;:CLG$9$k$H$_$J$5$l$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(7.72-7.76)$B!"-*%1!<%9(BNo.12$B$GMQ$$$i$l$?JF9q$NF10l?M3JJ}<0$O!"L11D2=A0$bL11D2=8e$bF1$8?M3J$G$"$k$HG'Dj$5$l$?>l9g$K$OJd=u6b$O0MA3$H$7$Fr7o$rI>2A$7$F$*$i$:!"$7$?$,$C$FJd=u6b6(Dj$K0cH?$7$F$$$k(B(7.77-7.82)$B!"-+$?$@$7!"%1!<%9(BNo.12$B$K$*$$$FF10l?M3JJ}<0$O9T@/8+D>$7$NCf$GMQ$$$i$l$F$$$k$N$G!"9T@/8+D>$7$K$*$1$k2CLA9q$N6qBNE*$J5AL3$K$D$$$F$O8e=R$9$k(B(7.83)$B!"-,%,%s%^J}<0$O$9$G$K(BUS – Lead and Bismuth II$B%Q%M%k!&>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$GJd=u6b6(Dj0cH?$,G'Dj$5$l$F$$$k$N$G!"%*%j%8%J%kD4::$K$*$$$F%,%s%^J}<0$rMQ$$$?%1!<%9(BNo.1$B!"(B2$B!"(B3$B!"(B4$B!"(B5$B!"(B6$B$OJd=u6b6(Dj#1#0>r!"#1#4>r!"#1#9!%#1>r!"#1#9!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k(B(7.84-7.87)$B!"--9T@/8+D>$7$d%5%s%;%C%H!&%l%S%e!<$K$*$$$F%,%s%^J}<0$rMQ$$$F$$$k%1!<%9(BNo.7$B!"%1!<%9(BNo.8$B!"(B9$B!"(B10$B!"(B11$B$K$D$$$F$O8e=R$9$k(B(7.88-7.89)$B!#(B

 

$B#2!%(B$B9T@/8+D>$7$K$*$1$kL11D2=$N?3::(B(Examination of Privatizations in Administrative Reviews)

$B%Q%M%k$O!"(BUS – Lead and Bismuth II$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$HK\%Q%M%kJs9pA09`$NG'Dj$r0zMQ$7$D$D!"9T@/8+D>$7$K$*$$$F$bL11D2=;~$NGd5Q2A3J$,FHN)6HNo.7$B$H%1!<%9(BNo.12$B$NG'Dj$OJd=u6b6(Dj#1#0>r!"#1#4>r!"#1#9!%#4>r!"#2#1!%#1>r!"#2#1!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$HG'Dj$7$?(B(7.94-7.100)$B!#(B

 

$B#3!%%5%s%;%C%H!&%l%S%e!<$K$*$1$kL11D2=$N?3::(B(Examination of Privatizations in Sunset Reviews)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"No.8$B$+$i(BNo.11$B$NJd=u6b6(Dj0cH?$rG'$a$?!#-!%5%s%;%C%H!&%l%S%e!<$Nl9g$K$OEv6I$OL11D2=$K$D$$$F8!F$$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(7.111-7.113)$B!"-"%5%s%;%C%H!&%l%S%e!<$K$*$$$F$b!"L11D2=$,FHN)6Hl2A3[$G9T$o$l$F$$$k$J$i$P!"L11D2=8e$N@8;:(7.114)$B!"-#%5%s%;%C%H!&%l%S%e!<$K78$k%1!<%9(BNo.8$B!"(B9$B!"(B10$B!"(B11$B$NG'Dj$K4X$7!">&L3>J$OL11D2=;~$NGd5Q>r7o$r9MN8$7$F$*$i$:!"$7$?$,$C$FJd=u6b6(Dj#1#0>r!"#1#4>r!"#1#9!%#4>r!"#2#1!%#1>r!"#2#1!%#3>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k(B(7.115-7.116)$B!"-$FC$K%1!<%9(BNo.8$B$H(B10$B$K$D$$$F$O!"JF9q$OL11D2=;~$NGd5Q2A3J$,FHN)6Hl2A3[$G$"$C$?$3$H$rG'$a$F$*$j!"$3$N$h$&$J%1!<%9$K$*$$$FJF9q$OJd=u6bAj;&4X@G$rIj2]$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$(B(7.117)$B!#(B

 

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