WT/DS217/R

WT/DS234/R

16 September 2002

United States – Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000

   Complaint by Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Japan, European Communities, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Korea, Mexico

Report of the Panel

 

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$B%*!<%9%H%i%j%"!"%V%i%8%k!"%+%J%@!"%A%j!"F|K\!"#E#C!"%$%s%I!"%$%s%I%M%7%"!"%?%$!"4Z9q!"%a%-%7%3(B

 

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DS217: $B%"%k%<%s%A%s!"%+%J%@!"%3%9%?%j%+!"9a9A!"%$%9%i%(%k!"%a%-%7%3!"%N%k%&%'!<(B

DS234: $B%*!<%9%H%i%j%"!"%V%i%8%k!"%+%J%@!"#E#C!"%$%s%I!"%$%s%I%M%7%"!"F|K\!"4Z9q!"%a%-%7%3!"%?%$(B

 

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H.E. Mr. Luzius Wasescha (chairperson)

Mr. Maamoun Abdel-Fattah

Mr. William Falconer

 

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$B%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%06(Dj!J@i6eI46e==;MG/$N4X@G5Z$SKG0W$K4X$9$k0lHL6(DjBhO;>r$N; Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994$B!K!"Jd=u6b6(Dj!JJd=u6b5Z$SAj;&A; Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures$B!K(B

 

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$B#2#0#0#0G/#1#27n#2#1F|!!6(5DMW@A!J(BDS217, $B%*!<%9%H%i%j%"!"%V%i%8%k!"%A%j!"#E#C!"%$%s%I!"%$%s%I%M%7%"!"F|K\!"4Z9q!"%?%$!K(B

$B#2#0#0#1G/!!#57n#2#1F|!!6(5DMW@A!J(BDS234, $B%+%J%@!"%a%-%7%3!K(B

$B#2#0#0#1G/!!#77n#1#2F|!!%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A!J(BDS217, $B%*!<%9%H%i%j%"!"%V%i%8%k!"%A%j!"#E#C!"%$%s%I!"%$%s%I%M%7%"!"F|K\!"4Z9q!"%?%$!K(B

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$B#2#0#0#1G/!!#97n#1#0F|!!#D#S#2#3#4%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A$N#D#S#2#1#7%Q%M%k$X$NIUBw$r7hDj(B

$B#2#0#0#2G/!!#97n#1#6F|!!%Q%M%kJs9p(B

$B#2#0#0#3G/!!#17n#1#6F|!!>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p(B

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$B"(>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$K$D$$$F$O!"(B$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9pJ,@O(B$B$r;29M$K$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

 

 

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$B%P!<%I=$@5K!!J#C#D#S#O#A!K(B

$B!!%P!<%I=$@5K!(B(the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000)$B$O#2#0#0#0G/#1#07n#2#8F|!"#2#0#0#1G/G@6HK!(B(the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001)$B$N0lIt$H$7$F@)Dj$5$l!"#1#9#3#0G/4X@GK!Bh#7It(B(Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930)$B$K?7$?$K#7#5#4>r!J!V7QB3%@%s%T%s%0!&Jd=u6b$NAj;&(B(Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset)$B!W!K$rIU$12C$($?!#%P!<%I=$@5K!$K$h$l$P!"8D!9$NAj;&4X@GL?Na!&%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@GL?Na!#9#2#1G/%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0K!$K4p$E$/7hDj$K$D$$$FFCJL$J%"%+%&%s%H$,@_$1$i$l!"3FL?Na!&7hDj$K4p$E$-2]$;$i$l$?$9$Y$F$N@G6b$O$=$l$>$l$N%"%+%&%s%H$K6!Bw$5$l$k$3$H$H$J$k!#6!Bw$5$l$?@G6b$O!"(affected domestic producers) $B$KJ,G[$5$l$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$!#%P!<%I=$@5K!$O!"#1#9#9#9G/#17n#1F|$KM-8z$G$"$C$?$+$=$l0J9_$KH/$;$i$l$?%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0L?Na!"Aj;&4X@GL?Na!"#1#9#2#1G/%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0K!$N7hDj$N$$$:$l$+$K4p$E$-#2#0#0#0G/#1#07n#1F|0J9_$KIj2]$5$l$?%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G5Z$SAj;&4X@G$KE,MQ$5$l$k!#(B

 

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Duties assessed pursuant to a countervailing duty order, an anti-dumping duty order, or a finding under the Antidumping Act of 1921 shall be distributed on an annual basis under this section to the affected domestic producers for qualifying expenditures. Such distribution shall be known as $B!H(Bthe continued dumping and subsidy offset$B!I(B.

 

$B%Q%M%k7hDj$NJ,@O(B$B!J(B()$BFb$N?t;z$OCJMnHV9f!K(B

r$NBP>]HO0O(B>$B#1!%(B$B

$B?7$?$J>Z5r$NDs=P(B(Submission of new evidence)

$B%+%J%@$O!"#2#0#0#2G/#37n#2#7F|!"Aj;&4X@GD4::$K4X$7$FJF9q@8;:(US International Trade Commission)$B$KAw$i$l$?=q4J$r>Z5r$H$7$FDs=P$9$k$3$H$r5a$a$?!#%Q%M%k$O!"%+%J%@$,=q4J$rpJs$,8xI=$5$l$F$$$k$b$N$G$"$j!"$+$DK\7o$K4XO"$7$F$$$k(B(pertinent)$B$3$H$+$i!"8!F$(Working Procedures)$B%Q%i%0%i%U#1#4$K4p$E$-=q4J$r>Z5r$H$7$FG'$a$k!VAjEv$JM}M3(B(good cause)$B!W$,$"$k$HG'$a$?(B(7.2)$B!#(B

$BJL$NJs9p$NH/9T(B(Issuance of separate reports)

$BJF9q$O!"#2#0#0#2G/#67n#1#0F|$N=q4J$K$h$j!"%a%-%7%3$N?=N)$F$?%1!<%9$K$D$$$FJL8D$NJs9p$rH/9T$9$k$3$H$r5a$a$?!#%Q%M%k$O!"JF9q$NMW@A$O;~59$rF@$FDs=P$5$l$F$*$i$:!"$^$?JL8D$NJs9p$,H/9T$5$l$J$+$C$?$+$i$H$$$C$FJF9q$,ITMx1W$rHo$k$H$b$$$($J$$$H$7$F!"JF9q$NMW@A$rB`$1$?(B(7.3-7.5)$B!#(B

 

$B#2!%(B$B%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%06(Dj!J#A#D6(Dj!K#1#8!%#1>r!"Jd=u6b6(Dj!J#S#C#M6(Dj!K#3#2!%#1>r!"#G#A#T#T#6!%#2!"#6!%#3>r!=%@%s%T%s%0!&Jd=u6b$KBP$9$kFCDj$NA(AD Article 18.1 and SCM Article 32.1, and Paragraphs 2 and 3 of GATT Article VI – Specific Action against Dumping/Subsidy)

$B=x(B(Introduction)

$B!!?=N)9q$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$O%@%s%T%s%0!&Jd=u6b$KBP$9$kFCDj$NA($B!H(Bspecific action against dumping$B!I(B/subsidization)$B$G$"$j!"#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#1>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#6!%#2>r!"#6!%#3>r$K0cH?$9$k$Hr$O!"%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kAe5-#3$D$NA(7.7-7.9)$B!#$J$*!"%Q%M%k$O#A#D6(Dj$K4X$9$kJ,@O$OJd=u6b6(Dj$K$bE,MQ$7$&$k$H$b=R$Y$F$$$k(B(7.7)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$,%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kFCDjAe5i0QJs9p$,!"#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#1>r$N!V%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kFCDj$NAu67$KBP$7$F$H$i$l$kA(action that is taken in response to situations presenting the constituent elements of $B!H(Bdumping$B!I(B)$B!W$G!V>/$J$/$H$b!V%@%s%T%s%0!W$H$$$&MWAG$,@8$8$F$$$k$H$-$K$N$_$H$k$3$H$N$G$-$kA (must, at a minimum, encompass action that may be taken only when the constituent elements of $B!H(Bdumping$B!I(B are present)$B!W$H$7$F$$$k$3$H$K?($l!"$^$:$3$N#1#9#1#6G/K!>e5i0QJs9p$,K\7oAhE@$K$D$$$F7hDjE*$J1F6A$r;}$D$+H]$+$r8!F$$9$k$H=R$Y$?(B(7.13)$B!#(B

$B$"$kA(The standard for determining whether or not a measure constitutes a $B!H(Bspecific action against dumping$B!I(B)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"e$G!"#1#9#1#6G/K!>e5i0QJs9p$N<($7$?4p=`$O7hDjE*$J4p=`$H$O$$$($J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(7.14)$B!#-!#1#9#1#6G/K!$K4X$9$k>e5i0Q$O!"#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#1>r$=$l<+BN$r2rr$NJ8L.$H$7$F#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#1>r$K8@5Z$7$?$K2a$.$J$$(B(7.15)$B!"-"#1#9#1#6G/K!$K4X$9$ke5i0Q0w2q$O%@%s%T%s%0$K!VBP$9$k(B(against)$B!W$H$$$&8@MU$N0UL#$r9MN8$9$kI,MW$,$J$+$C$?!"-#%@%s%T%s%0$K!VBP$9$k(B(in response to)$B!WA(against)$B!WA(against)$B!WA(action $B!H(Bagainst$B!I(B dumping must have some adverse bearing on dumping)(7.17)$B!#(B

$B%P!<%I=$@5K!$O!"%@%s%T%s%0$H$$$&MWAG$r4^$`>u67$K$*$$$F$N$_Aj;&6b$,;YJ'$o$l$k$H$$$&0UL#$G!"%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kA(Does the CDSOA act specifically in response to dumping, in the sense that CDSOA payments may be made only in situations presenting the constituent elements of dumping?)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$,!V%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kFCDj$NA(in response to)$B!WA

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%@%s%T%s%0$H$$$&MWAG$O%P!<%I=$@5K!$K$*$$$FL@<(E*$K8@5Z$5$l$F$*$i$:!"$^$?Aj;&6b;YJ'$$$NMW7o$H$7$FL@5-$5$l$F$$$kLu$G$O$J$$$,!"Aj;&6b$,%@%s%T%s%0$H$$$&MWAG$r4^$`>u67$K$*$$$F$N$_;YJ'$o$l$F$$$k$3$H$OL@$i$+$G$"$j!"%@%s%T%s%07hDj$HAj;&6b$N;YJ'$$$H$N4V$K$OL@3N!"D>@\E*$+$DHr$1$i$l$J$$4X78$,$"$k(B(a clear, direct and unavoidable connection between the determination of dumping and CDSOA offset payments)$B$H=R$Y!"$7$?$,$C$F%P!<%IAj;&K!$O%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$k(B(in response to)$BA(7.21)$B!#(B

$B!!$J$*!"%Q%M%k$O!">e5-G'Dj$OAj;&6b$,D'<}$5$l$?%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$r:b8;$H$7$F$$$k;v(our finding $B!D(B is in no way based on the fact that offset payments are funded from collected anti-dumping duties)$B$H=R$Y$?(B(7.22)$B!#(B

$B%P!<%I=$@5K!$O%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kFCDj$NA(Is the CDSOA a specific action against dumping?)

$B!!%Q%M%k$Oe1F6A$re$NMx1W$rM?$($k$b$N$H$J$C$F$*$j(B(the structure of the CDSOA $B!D(B is such that it will act against dumping by conferring on $B!H(Baffected domestic producers$B!I(B incurring $B!H(Bqualifying expenses$B!I(B an offset payment subsidy which would allow them to establish a competitive advantage over dumped imports.)$B!"%@%s%T%s%0!&Jd=u6bM"F~$H!V1F6A$r(The CDSOA has an adverse impact on the competitive relationship between dumped/subsidized imports and goods produced by $B!H(Baffected domestic producers$B!I(B.) (7.35)$B!"-"%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$HAj;&6b$rAH$_9g$o$;$k$3$H$G!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$O!"%@%s%T%s%0M"F~$r$9$k@8;:r7o$r6QEy2=$9$k(B(level the playing field)$B$N$_$J$i$:!"!V1F6A$re$NMx1W$rM?$($F$$$k(B(transfer that competitive advantage to $B!H(Baffected domestic producers$B!I(B) (7.36)$B!"-#%P!<%I=$@5K!$O!"Aj;&6b$r%@%s%T%s%0!&Jd=u6bM"F~$5$l$F$$$k;:IJ$H$N6%Ah>r7o$N2~A1$KMQ$$$k$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$F$O$$$J$$$,!"$=$N$h$&$J6%Ah>r7o$N2~A1$KMQ$$$i$l$k$3$H$O==J,$K9M$($i$l$k(B(7.37)$B!"-$Aj;&6b$O%@%s%T%s%0!&Jd=u6bM"=P$r7QB3$9$k$3$H$X$N=hH3(B(penalty)$B$H$7$FM"=P(exporters/foreign producers will clearly be dissuaded from dumping.)$B!"%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kA(7.39)$B!"-%%P!<%I=$@5K!$N@)Dj2aDx$K$*$$$F$b!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$O%@%s%T%s%0$KBP$9$kA(7.40-7.41)$B!"-&Aj;&6b$H$7$F;YJ'$o$l$k6b3[$OHs>o$KBg$-$J$b$N$G$"$j!"Aj;&6b$O#A#D?=@A$r9T$&$b$7$/$O>/$J$/$H$b#A#D?=@A$r;Y;}$9$k6bA,E*%$%s%;%s%F%#%V$rM?$((B(it will have the effect of providing a financial incentive for domestic producers to file anti-dumping/countervailing applications, or at least to support such applications in order to establish their eligibility for offset payments.)$B!"$7$?$,$C$F#A#D$dAj;&4X@G$K4X$9$kD4::?t$,A}2C$9$k7|G0$,$"$k(B(7.42-7.45)$B!#(B

$B%P!<%I=$@5K!$O#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#1>r$NCm5Z$S#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r$NCm$K$h$C$F5vMF$5$l$k$+(B(Is the CDSOA permitted by footnotes 24 and 56 of the AD and SCM Agreements respectively?)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$O#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#1>r$NCm5Z$S#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2>r$NCm$K$h$C$F5vMF$5$l$k$H$NJF9q$Nr$b$7$/$O#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2>r$NNc30$G$O$J$/!"$7$?$,$C$F$9$G$K%P!<%I=$@5K!$,!V%@%s%T%s%0!J$b$7$/$OJd=u6b!K$KBP$9$kFCDj$NAe!">e5-Cm$K$h$j%P!<%I=$@5K!$r@5Ev2=$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(7.50)$B!#(B

$B7kO@(B

$B!!0J>e$h$j!"%Q%M%k$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$,%@%s%T%s%0!&Jd=u6b$KBP$9$kFCDj$NAr5Z$S#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r$K0cH?$7!"$7$?$,$C$F#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#6!%#2!"#6!%#3>r$K$b0cH?$9$k$H7kO@$7$?(B(7.51)$B!#(B

 

$B#3!%(B$B#A#D6(Dj#5!%#4>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#1#1!%#4>r!]%9%?%s%G%#%s%0(B(AD Article 5.4/SCM Article 11.4 – Standing)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r5Z$S#S#C#M6(Dj#1#1!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#-!@h$K=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$O9qFb@8;:(7.62)$B!"-"$=$N$h$&$J%$%s%;%s%F%#%V$rM?$($k%P!<%I=$@5K!$K$h$j!"#A#D6(Dj#5!%#4>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#1#1!%#4>r$K5,Dj$5$l$F$$$k#A#DD4::3+;O$N$?$a$NMW7o(B*$B$N0U5A$,<:$o$l$F$7$^$&(B(7.64)$B!"-#9q:](the principle of good faith)$B$K$h$l$P!"Ev;v9q$O>rLs$b$7$/$O>rLs5,Dj$Nr5Z$S#S#C#M6(Dj#1#1!%#4>r$N0U5A$r<:$o$;$k$b$N$G$"$k(B(7.65)$B!"(B

$BJ,@O

*$B#A#DD4::3+;O$N$?$a$NMW7o!'#A#D6(Dj#5!%#4>r$K$h$l$P!"0lDj$N3d9g$N9qFb@8;:

 

$B#4!%#A#D6(Dj#8!%#3>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#1#8!%#3>r!]LsB+(B(AD Article 8.3/SCM Article 18.3 - Undertakings)

$B!!?=N)9q$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$O@8;:(undertakings)$BDy7k$r5qH]$9$k6bA,E*%$%s%;%s%F%#%V$rM?$(!JLsB+$r5qH]$7$F#A#D@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G$,D'<}$5$l$k$3$H$K$J$l$PAj;&6b$,;YJ'$o$l$k$?$a!K!"$7$?$,$C$F#A#D6(Dj#8!%#3>r5Z$S#S#C#M6(Dj#1#8!%#3>r$K0cH?$9$k$H

$B%Q%M%k$O!"(7.75-7.79)$B!"-"$7$?$,$C$F!"9qFb@8;:r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#1#8!%#3>r$N0cH?$r5AL3IU$1$k$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(leaving aside the question whether a Member would be allowed to reject an undertaking simply because the domestic industry opposes its acceptance, we find that the CDSOA does not mandate a violation of AD Article 8.3 and SCM Article 18.3)(7.80)$B!"-#$5$i$K!"#A#D6(Dj#8!%#3>r5Z$S#S#C#M6(Dj#1#8!%#3>r$NJ88@$ODs0F$5$l$?LsB+$r5R4QE*$K?3::$9$k$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$k$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(we note that the text of AD Article 8.3 and SCM Article 18.3 does not require the authority to examine objectively any undertaking offered.)(7.81)$B!#(B

 

$B#5!%ES>e9q$K4X$9$kLdBj!]#A#D6(Dj#1#5>r(B(Developing Country Issue – AD Article 15)

$B!!%Q%M%k$Or$K4X$9$k?=N)$r?3::$7$J$+$C$?!#-!#A#D6(Dj#1#5>r$O%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A$K$*$$$F8@5Z$5$l$F$*$i$:!"$7$?$,$C$FDL>o$O%Q%M%k$NIUBw;v9`$H$O$J$j$($J$$$,!"#A#D6(Dj#1#5>r$NK\7o$K$*$1$k4XO"@-$H#A#D6(Dj#1#5>r$K4X$9$k?=N)$,ES>e9q$K$h$C$FDs5/$5$l$?$H$$$&$3$H$r9MN8$9$l$P!"#D#S#U#1#2!%#1#1>r$K$h$j%Q%M%k$O#A#D6(Dj#1#5>r$K4X$9$k?=N)$r9MN8$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(we note that DSU Article 12.11 requires panels to $B!H(Bexplicitly indicate $B!D!I(B.  Since we consider AD Article 15 to be relevant, and since that provision has been raised by developing country Members in the present proceedings, we are bound to consider that provision, even though it was not referred to in the various requests for establishment.)(7.87)$B!"-"$7$+$7$J$,$i!"%$%s%I$H%$%s%I%M%7%"$N?=N)$O%P!<%I=$@5K!$K$h$jLsB+Dy7k$,5qH]$5$l$k$H$$$&$3$H$rA0Ds$H$7$F$*$j!"%Q%M%k$O@h$K$=$N$h$&$J;vr$K4X$9$k?=N)$r$3$l0J>e?3::$9$kI,MW$O$J$$(B(7.88)$B!#(B

 

$B#6!%#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#4>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#5>r!"#W#T#O@_N)6(Dj#1#6!%#4>r!=E,9g@-3NJ]$N$?$a$NI,MW$JA(AD Article 18.4/SCM Article 32.5&WTO Article XVI:4 – Necessary Steps to Ensure Conformity)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#A#D6(Dj#5!%#4>r!"#1#8!%#1>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#1#1!%#4>r!"#3#2!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k%P!<%I=$@5K!$O!"#A#D6(Dj#1#8!%#4>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#5>r!"#W#T#O6(Dj#1#6!%#4>r$K$b0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?(B(7.93)$B!#(B

 

$B#7!%0-1F6A!=#S#C#M6(Dj#5>r(B(Adverse Effects – SCM Article 5)

$B!!%a%-%7%3$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$,#S#C#M6(Dj#5>r(B(b)$B$K0cH?$9$kJd=u6b$G$"$k$H

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$,Jd=u6b$G$"$k$3$H$r>ZL@$9$k$?$a$K$O%P!<%I=$@5K!$=$l<+BN$,#S#C#M6(Dj#2>r!J%a%-%7%3$O#S#C#M6(Dj#2!%#1>r(B(a)$B$K4p$E$-FCDj@-$rZL@$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$,!"%a%-%7%3$O%P!<%I=$@5K!$=$l<+BN$G$O$J$/%P!<%I=$@5K!$K$h$j;YJ'$o$l$kAj;&6b$K4X$9$kFCDj@-$rr$N0UL#$G$NFCDj@-$O>ZL@$5$l$F$$$J$$!"$H=R$Y$?(B(7.113, 7.115-7.116)$B!#(B

$B!!%a%-%7%3$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$OMx1W$rL58z2=?/32$7$F$$$k$H$7$F!"Hs0cH??=N)$bDs5/$7$F$$$?!#(B

$B%Q%M%k$O!"Japan-Film$B%Q%M%kJs9p$K$h$l$P!"Hs0cH??=N)$N$?$a$K$O!"(B(i)$B#W#T#O2CLA9q$K$h$kA(the application of a measure by a WTO Member)$B!"(B(ii)$BBP>]6(Dj$K$h$C$FM?$($i$l$kMx1W$NB8:_(B(the existence of a benefit accruing under the applicable agreement)$B!"(B(iii)$BA(the nullification or impairment of a benefit as a result of the application of a measure)$B$rN)>Z$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(7.120)$B!"-"#S#C#M6(Dj#5>r(B(b)$B$NJ8L.$K$*$$$F$O!"Jd=u6b$N!VMxMQ(B(use)$B!W!"$9$J$o$A%P!<%I=$@5K!%W%m%0%i%`$N0];}$d@x:_E*$JJd=u6bIUM?$bA(7.122, 7.123)$B!"-#Mx1W$NB8:_$K$D$$$F$OEv;v9q$KAh$$$,$J$/!"%Q%M%k$bMx1W$OB8:_$9$k$b$N$HG'$a$k(B(7.124)$B!"-$(BEEC – Oilseeds$B%Q%M%kJs9p$K$h$l$P!"Hs0cH??=N)$K$*$$$F$O!"4X@G>y5v$N8z2L$,Jd=u6b%W%m%0%i%`$K$h$C$FAH?%E*$KAj;&$5$l$?$H$-Mx1W$,L58z2=?/32$5$l$?$H9M$($i$l$k(B(non-violation nullification or impairment would arise when the effect of a tariff concession is systematically offset or counteracted by a subsidy programme.)$B$,!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$O4X@G>y5v$N8z2L$rAH?%E*$KAj;&$9$k$b$N$G$"$k$H$O$$$($J$$(B(7.127-7.130)$B!#(B

 

$B#8!%#S#C#M6(Dj#4!%#1#0>r!"#7!%#9>r(B(SCM Articles 4.10 and 7.9)

$B!!%*!<%9%H%i%j%"$OBh#12s%5%V%_%C%7%g%s$K$*$$$F#S#C#M6(Dj#4!%#1#0>r!"#7!%#9>r$K$D$$$Fr5Z$S#7!%#9>r$K$D$$$F$N?3::$O9T$o$J$+$C$?!#(B

 

$B#9!%#G#A#T#T#1#0!%#3>r!J#a!K(B(GATT Article X:3(a))

$B!!?=N)9q$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$K$h$jJF9qDL>&K!$OIT9gM}$+$DIT8xJ?$K1?MQ$5$l$k62$l$,$"$k$H$7$F!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$N#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1#0!%#3>r(B(a)$B0cH?$r

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"(BArgentina – Hides and Leather$B%Q%M%kJs9p$K$h$j!"@-e(substantive in nature)$B%P!<%I=$@5K!$O#G#A#T#T#1#0!%#3>r(B(a)$B$NBP>]$H$O$J$i$J$$$H7kO@$7$?(B(7.143, 7.144)$B!#(B

 

*$B%Q%M%k(B$B$N(B$B7kO@5Z$S4+9p(B

$B!!0J>e$K$h$j%Q%M%k$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$,#A#D6(Dj#5!%#4>r!"#1#8!%#1>r!"#1#8!%#4>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#1#1!%#4>r!"#3#2!%#1>r!"#3#2!%#5>r!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#6!%#2>r!"#6!%#3>r!"#W#T#O@_N)6(Dj$N#1#6!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#(B

$B!!$^$?!"#A#D6(Dj#8!%#3>r!"#1#5>r!"#S#C#M6(Dj#4!%#1#0>r!"#5>r(B(b)$B!"#7!%#9>r!"#1#8!%#3>r!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1#0!%#3>r(B(a)$B$K$D$$$F$O?=N)9q$N

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#D#S#U!JJ6Ah2r7hN;2r!K#3!%#8>r$K4p$E$-!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$N6(Dj0cH?$K$h$j?=N)9q$N6(Dj>e$NMx1W$OL58z2=!&?/32$7$F$$$k$H0l1~?dDj$5$l$k!"$H=R$Y$?!#%Q%M%k$O!"#D#S#U#1#9!%#1>r$K4p$E$-!"#D#S#B$,JF9q$KBP$7$FA

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$r6(Dj@09gE*$H$9$kJ}K!$O@x:_E*$K$OB?$/$"$k$H9M$($i$l$k$b$N$N!"%P!<%I=$@5K!$NE12s$,$b$C$H$bE,@Z(Band/or$B8z2LE*$G$"$k$H9M$($i$l$k$H=R$Y!"4+9p

 

 

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