WT/DS221/R
United States – Section 120(c)(1) of
the
Complaint by
Report of the Panel
$B!cL\
$B#1!%(B$B@h7hLdBj(B
$B#2!%(B$B%+%J%@$NBh0l$N
$B#3!%(B$B%+%J%@$NGI@8E*
$B%&%k%0%"%$%i%&%s%I6(Djr(B(c)(1)
$B%+%J%@(B
$BHo?=N)9q(B
$BJF9q(B
$B%A%j!"#E#C!"%$%s%I!"F|K\(B
Ms. Claudia Orozco (Chairperson)
Mr. Simon Farbenbloom
Mr.
$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T!J@i6eI46e==;MG/$N4X@G5Z$SKG0W$K4X$9$k0lHL6(Dj(B; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade$B!K!"%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%06(Dj!J@i6eI46e==;MG/$N4X@G5Z$SKG0W$K4X$9$k0lHL6(DjBhO;>r$N; Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994$B!K!"Jd=u6b6(Dj!JJd=u6b$*$h$SAj;&A
$B#2#0#0#1G/!!#17n#1#7F|!!6(5DMW@A(B
$B#2#0#0#1G/!!#77n#2#4F|!!%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A(B
$B#2#0#0#1G/!!#87n#2#3F|!!%Q%M%k@_CV(B
$B#2#0#0#2G/!!#77n#1#5F|!!%Q%M%kJs9p(B
$B#2#0#0#2G/!!#87n#3#0F|!!%Q%M%kJs9p:NBr(B
$B#1!%%&%k%0%"%$%i%&%s%I6(Djr(B(c)(1)
$B!!%&%k%0%"%$%i%&%s%I6(Djr$K$h$l$P!"#D#S#B!JJ6Ah2r7h5!4X!K$K$h$jJF9q$N%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0A
$B#2!%JF9q$NAL5ZE*4X@GI>2A%7%9%F%`(B
$B!!JF9q$G$O!"%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0D4::$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@GD4::$K$h$j!V%/%mG'Dj!W$H$J$k$H!">&L3>J$O@G4X$KBP$7!"(B(i)$B0J8e9T@/8+D>$7$,=*N;$7$?$H$-$K%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G$NI>2A$r9T$&(B(assess antidumping or countervailing duties on completion of a
future administrative review)$B!"(B(ii)$BBP>];:IJ$N0J8e$NM"F~$KBP$7$F%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G$N8+@Q3[$KAjEv$9$k8=6b$NMBBw$r5a$a$k(B(require the payment of a cash deposit of estimated duties on all
future entries of the relevant product)$B!"$H$$$$D$NL?Na$r=P$9!#$7$?$,$C$F!":G=*E*$J%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G$O!">e5-L?Na$,=P$5$l$?#1G/8e!J0J8eKhG/!KMx324X78
$B"(;29M!'#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$BK\J8(B
(c) EFFECTS OF DETERMINATIONS; NOTICE OF IMPLE-MENTATION.—
(1)EFFECTS OF DETERMINATIONS.—
Determinations concerning title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 that are
implemented under this section shall apply with respect to$B!!(Bunliquidated entries of the subject merchandise (as defined in section 771 of
that Act) that are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or
after—
(A)
in the case of a determination by the Commission under subsection (a)(4), the
date on which the Trade Representative directs the administering authority
under subsection (a)(6) to revoke an order pursuant to that determination,
and
(B)
in the case of a determination by the administering authority under subsection
(b)(2), the date on which the Trade Representative directs the administering
authority under subsection (b)(4) to implement that determination.
$B%Q%M%k7hDj$NJ,@O(B$B!J(B()$BFb$N?t;z$OCJMnHV9f!K(B
r$NBP>]HO0O(B>$B#1!%(B$B@h7hLdBj(B
$BBP>]A
$B%Q%M%k$O!"K\%Q%M%k?3::$NBP>]A
$BEv;v9q$N?=N)5Z$S
$B%Q%M%k$O!"%+%J%@$N
$B#2!%(B$B%+%J%@$NBh0l$N
$B%+%J%@$NFCDj$9$k#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$K$h$C$F5AL3IU$1$i$l$F$$$k$b$7$/$O=|30$5$l$F$$$kA
$B!!%+%J%@$O!"#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$O(require)$B$H
$B!J#a!Kr$K4p$E$/%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G7hDj$N$B9T@/8+D>$7$r$9$k(B$B$3$H(B(to conduct administrative reviews with
respect to $B!H(Bprior unliquidated entries$B!I(B after the
implementation date pursuant to an antidumping or countervailing duty order
found by the DSB to be WTO-inconsistent)
$B!J#b!K$B9T@/8+D>$7$K$h$j%@%s%T%s%0$b$7$/$OJd=u6b$NG'Dj$r9T$&(B$B$3$H(B(to make administrative
review determinations regarding dumping or subsidization with respect to
$B!H(Bprior unliquidated entries$B!I(B after the implementation
date pursuant to an antidumping or countervailing duty order found by the DSB
to be WTO-inconsistent)
$B!J#c!K$B%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G$NI>2A$r9T$&(B$B$3$H(Bto assess definitive
antidumping or countervailing duties with respect to $B!H(Bprior unliquidated entries$B!I(B after the implementation date
pursuant to an antidumping or countervailing duty order found by the DSB to be
WTO-inconsistent)
$B!J#d!K$B8=6bMBBw$r0];}$9$k(B$B$3$H(B(to
retain cash deposits in respect of
$B!H(Bprior unliquidated entries$B!I(B after the implementation
date at a level found by the DSB to be WTO-inconsistent)
$B!!%+%J%@$O$^$?!"#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$O(preclude)$B$H
$B!J#a!K$B9T@/8+D>$7$K$h$j%@%s%T%s%0$b$7$/$OJd=u6b$NG'Dj$r9T$&(B$B$3$H(B(making administrative review
determinations regarding dumping or subsidization with respect to $B!H(Bprior unliquidated entries$B!I(B after the implementation date in a
manner that is consistent with an adverse DSB ruling)
$B!J#b!K$B%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G$NI>2A$r9T$&$3$H(B$B$3$H(B(assessing definitive antidumping or
countervailing duties with respect to "prior unliquidated
entries" after the implementation date in a manner that is consistent with
an adverse DSB ruling)
$B!J#c!K(refunding, after the
implementation date, cash deposits
collected on $B!H(Bprior unliquidated entries$B!I(B pursuant to
an antidumping or countervailing duty order found by the DSB to be
WTO-inconsistent)
$B#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$N0UL#$HBP>](B
$B!!r(B(c)(1)$B$,>e5-$N$h$&$JA
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#S#A#A(B(Statement of Administrative Action)$B$N@-5G'$r(authoritative interpretation)$B$r<($7$F$$$k(B(6.36-6.37)$B!"-"$?$@$7!"(B(i)$B#1#2#9(B$B>r(B (c)(1)$B$,#S#A#A$K>H$i$7$F2r(ii)$B#S#A#A$O%&%k%0%"%$%i%&%s%I6(Djl9g$b$"$j$&$k(B(6.38)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$N0UL#$K$D$$$F!"r(B(c)(1)$B$N!VK\>r$K4p$E$-(given legal effect)$B#1#2#9>r$K4p$E$/%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@GG'Dj5Z$SAj;&4X@GG'Dj(B(antidumping and countervailing duty determinations)$B$r$5$9(B(6.44-6.47)$B!"-"-!$N#1#2#9>r7hDj$O$B0J9_(B(on
or after the date of implementation)$BE,MQ$5$l$k(B(6.48)$B!"-#-!$N#1#2#9>r7hDj$O(6.49)$B!"-$0J>e$NG'Dj$O!"#1#2#9>rA4BN$^$?#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$NJ8L.$dL\E*$KH?$7$J$$(B(6.50-6.52)$B!#(B
$B#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$O%+%J%@$NFCDj$9$kA
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"@h$NG'Dj$K4p$E$-#S#A#A$K>H$i$7$F2rr(B(c)(1)$B$O!"!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K$OE,MQ$5$l$:!"$7$?$,$C$F%+%J%@$NFCDj$9$kA
$B#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$O%+%J%@$NFCDj$9$kA
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"J,@O$NJ}K!$K$D$$$F!"$O$8$a$K#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B<+BN(B(section
129(c)(1) as enacted)$B$K$D$$$FJ,@O$7!"e=R$7$?$h$&$K#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$H#S#A#A$O9g$o$;$F2rr(B(c)(1)$B<+BN$H#S#A#A$r9MN8$7$?8e$K$O$8$a$F%Q%M%k$O7kO@$r=P$9$3$H$H$9$k$H=R$Y$?(B(6.58)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%+%J%@$N%"%W%m!<%A$K1h$C$F!"!VJ}K!%1!<%9(B(methodology case)$B!W!J#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$K4p$E$-#W#T#O6(Dj@09gE*$J?7$?$JD4::J}K!$K$h$C$F?7$?$J%@%s%T%s%0!&%^!<%8%s$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@GN($r7hDj$9$k>l9g!K$H!VE12s%1!<%9(B(revocation case)$B!W!J#1#2#9>r$K4p$E$-?7$?$JD4::$r9T$C$?7k2L!"%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0@G$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@G$rE12s$9$k>l9g!K$KJ,$1$F#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B<+BN$N8z2L$r8!F$$7$?(B(paras.6.66-6.67, 6.82)$B!#(B
$B%Q%M%k$O!"!VJ}K!%1!<%9!W$K$D$$$F!";CDjE*$K(B(provisionally)$Br$K4p$E$-?7$?$J%@%s%T%s%0!&%^!<%8%s$b$7$/$OAj;&4X@GN($,7hDj$5$l$?>l9g$G$"$C$F$b!"#1#2#9>r$N7hDj$O&L3>J$O$=$N$h$&$J?7$?$J%@%s%T%s%0!&%^!<%8%s$J$I$K4p$E$-$9$G$KD'<}$7$?!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K4X$9$k8=6bMBBw$ND62aJ,$r4TIU$9$k5AL3$O$J$$(B(6.68)$B!"-"5U$K!"#1#2#9>r$K4p$E$-7hDj$5$l$??7$?$J%@%s%T%s%0!&%^!<%8%s$J$I$,!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$KE,MQ$5$l$J$$$+$i$H8@$C$F!">&L3>J$,$=$N$h$&$J2a5n$NM"F~$K4X$9$k8=6bMBBw$ND62aJ,$rJ];}$9$k5AL3$rIi$&$H$+!"!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K4X$9$k%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0$dAj;&4X@G$K4X$7$F#W#T#O6(DjHs@09gE*$JJ}K!$G9T@/8+D>$7$r9T$&$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$i$l$F$$$k$H$+!"#W#T#O6(Dj@09gE*$JJ}K!$G9T@/8+D>$7$r9T$&$3$H$rGS=|$5$l$F$$$k$H$+?dDj$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$(B(6.69)$B!"-#%+%J%@$O!">&L3>J$,!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K$D$$$F#W#T#O6(Dj@09gE*$JJ}K!$G9T@/8+D>$7$r9T$&$3$H$O#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$Nr(B
(c)(1)$B$O#1#2#9>r$K4p$E$/7hDj$NE,MQ$N%?%$%_%s%0$r8BDj$7$F$$$k$N$G$"$j!"#1#2#9>r$K4p$E$/D4::J}K!!J(Bmethodologies$B!K$r!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K4X$9$k9T@/8+D>$7$KE,MQ$9$k$3$H$rGS=|$9$k$b$N$G$O$J$$(B(6.71-6.73)$B!"-$%+%J%@$O!"(B$B!V#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$O!"JF9q$N5D2q$,0U?^$7$?$h$&$K!"!XL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!Y$KBP$7$F#W#T#O6(Dj@09gE*$J9T@/8+D>$7$r9T$&$3$H$rGS=|$9$k8z2L$r;}$D$h$&2r$KJF9q5D2q$,$7$,$G$-$J$$$o$1$G$O$J$$(B(6.74-6.76)$B!#(B
$B!!r$K4p$E$/E12s$,&L3>J$,!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K4X$7$F#W#T#O6(Dj0cH?$N%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0L?Na$J$I$K4p$E$-D'<}$7$?8=6bMBBw$r4TIU$9$k$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$i$l$J$$$H$+!"$=$N$h$&$J2a5n$NM"F~$K4X$9$k9T@/8+D>$7$N2A$9$k$3$H$r5qH]$9$k$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$i$l$J$$$H$+!"?dB,$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B(6.82-6.83)$B!"-"5U$K!"#1#2#9>r$K4p$E$/E12s$,!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$KE,MQ$5$l$J$$$+$i$H$$$C$F!">&L3>J$,#W#T#O6(Dj0cH?$N%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%0L?Na$J$I$K4p$E$-$=$N$h$&$JM"F~$K4X$7$FD'<}$7$?8=6bMBBw$rJ];}$9$k$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$i$l$k$H$+!"$=$N$h$&$J8=6bMBBw$r4TIU$9$k$3$H$rK8$2$k$H$+?dB,$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$(B(6.84)$B!"-#%+%J%@$O#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$,$J$1$l$P#1#2#9>r$K4p$E$/E12s$O!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K$bE,MQ$5$l$F$$$?$O$:$G!"F1>r$O$=$l$rK8$2$F$$$k$H
$B!!$5$i$K!"%Q%M%k$O.1.c.(3)$B%Q%i#1$K$D$$$F$N%+%J%@$N
$B!!%+%J%@$O$^$?!"#S#A#A$N(BB.1.c.(5)$B%Q%i#3$K$h$l$P#1#2#9>r$OJ#?t$N2r&L3>J$O#W#T#O@09gE*$JE}0l$7$?2r(6.112-6.114)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$NE,MQ$K4X$7!"M#0l$NE,MQ%1!<%9$G$"$k(BUS-Stainless Steel$B%Q%M%kJs9p$7$,9T$o$l$?$H$NJF9q$N
$B!!0J>e$+$i!"%Q%M%k$O!"#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B5Z$S#S#A#A$,!"%+%J%@$NFCDj$7$F$$$kA
$B"(;29M!'#S#A#A$N(BB.1.c.(3)$B%Q%i#1K\J8(B(footnote omitted)
Consistent
with the principle that GATT panel recommendations apply only prospectively,
subsection 129(c)(1) provides that where determinations by the ITC or
Commerce are implemented under subsections (a) or (b), such determinations have
prospective effect only. That is,
they apply to unliquidated entries of merchandise
entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after the date on
which the Trade Representative directs implementation. Thus, relief available under
subsection 129(c)(1) is distinguishable from relief available in an action
brought before a court or a NAFTA binational panel,
where, depending on the circumstances of the case, retroactive relief may be
available. Under 129(c)(1), if
implementation of a WTO report should result in the revocation of an
antidumping or countervailing duty order, entries made prior to the date of
Trade Representative's direction would remain subject to potential duty
liability.
$B"(#S#A#A$N(BB.1.c.(5)$B%Q%i#3K\J8(B
Since
implemented determinations under section 129 may be appealed, it is
possible that Commerce or the ITC may be in a position of simultaneously
defending determinations in which the agency reached different
conclusions. In such situations,
the Administration expects that courts and [NAFTA] binational
panels will be sensitive to the fact that under the applicable standard of
review, as set forth in statute and case law, multiple permissible
interpretations of the law and the facts may be legally permissible in any
particular case, and the issuance of a different determination under
section 129 does not signify that the initial determination was unlawful.
$B#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$,JF9q$K%+%J%@$NFCDj$7$F$$$kA
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"JF9qK!>e#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$,>&L3>J$K%+%J%@$NFCDj$7$F$$$kA
$B%+%J%@$NFCDj$7$F$$$kA
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"$9$G$K#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$O%+%J%@$NFCDj$7$F$$$kA
$B%+%J%@$NBh0lE*
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$,#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#6!%#2>r!"#6!%#3>r!"#6!%#6>r(B(a)$B!"%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%06(Dj#1>r!"#9!%#3>r!"#1#1!%#1>r!"#1#8!%#1>r!"Jd=u6b6(Dj#1#0>r!"#1#9!%#4>r!"#2#1!%#1>r!"#3#2!%#1>r$K0cH?$9$k$H$N%+%J%@$N
$B!!$J$*!"%+%J%@$O!"#1#2#9>r(B(c)(1)$B$O>&L3>J$K!VL$@6;;$N2a5n$NM"F~!W$K4X$7$F#W#T#O6(Dj@09gE*$J9T@/8+D>$7$r9T$&$3$H$K$h$j#D#S#BG'Dj$rl$r<($7$?$b$N$G$"$j$^$?JF9q$NLsB+(B(undertaking)$B$H$_$J$9$3$H$r5a$a$F$$$?$,!"%Q%M%k$O!"JF9q$NH/8@$OJdB-E*$J
$B#3!%(B$B%+%J%@$NGI@8E*
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"%+%J%@$NBh0l$N
$B!!0J>e$h$j!"%Q%M%k$O!"JF9q$N%&%k%0%"%$%i%&%s%Ir(B(c)(1)$B$,#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#6!%#2>r!"#6!%#3>r!"#6!%#6>r(B(a)$B!"%"%s%A%@%s%T%s%06(Dj#1>r!"#9!%#3>r!"#1#1!%#1>r!"#1#8!%#1>r!"#1#8!%#4>r!"Jd=u6b6(Dj#1#0>r!"#1#9!%#4>r!"#2#1!%#1>r!"#3#2!%#1>r!"#3#2!%#5>r!"#W#T#O@_N)6(Dj#1#6!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H$$$&%+%J%@$N
© 2002 Yuka Fukunaga All Rights Reserved