WT/DS245/R

15 July 2003

Japan – Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples

   Complaint by the United States

Report of the Panel

 

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Mr. Michael Cartland (Chairperson),

Ms. Kathy-Ann Brown

Mr. Christian Häberli

 

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$B#S#P#S6(Dj!J1R@8?"J*8!1VA; Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures$B!K(B

 

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$BF|K\$N?"J*KI1VK!(B(Plant Protection Law)$B5Z$S;\9T5,B'$O!"9qFb$KB8:_$7$J$$8!1VM-32?"J*$,IUCe$7$F$$$k62$l$N$"$k?"J*$NM"F~$r6X;_$7$F$$$k$,!"0J2<$NMW7o$rK~$?$9>l9g$K$OM"F~$,2r6X$5$l$k!#$=$NMW7o$H$O!"-!BeBXA

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r$NBP>]HO0O(B>$B#1!%(B$B@h7hLdBj(B

$B%Q%M%k?3::$N=g=x(B(Approach followed by the Panel)

$B%Q%M%k$O!"0J2<$N$h$&$J=g=x$G?3::$r9T$&$H=R$Y$?(B(8.4)$B!#-!K\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k8!1VAr5Z$S#5!%#7>r$N?3::!"-$#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r$N?3::!J#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r5Z$S#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#7>r0cH?$rG'Dj$7$?>l9g!"#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r$N?3::$O9T$&I,MW$O$J$$$,!"#D#S#B!JJ6Ah2r7h5!4X!K4+9p$K$h$k8z2LE*$JJ6Ah2r7h$r3NJ]$9$k$?$a!"#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r$K$D$$$F$b?3::$9$k$3$H$H$9$k!K!"-%#S#P#S6(Dj#7>r5Z$SImB0=q#B$N?3::!#(B

$BK\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k8!1VA];:IJ(B(The measure at issue and the product subject to this measure)

$B%Q%M%k$O!"(BAustralia – Salmon$B>e5i0QJs9p$r0zMQ$7$D$D!"K\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$kA(8.11-20)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"JF9q$NJ!J#U#S#D#A!K$,;XDj$7$?2P=}IBL5IB1`$G@8;:$9$k$3$H!"-"M"=P1`CO$NWCOBS$r@_CV$9$k$3$H!"-$G/#32s1`CO8!::$r$N2LZL@$5$l$F$$$k$3$H!"-*F|K\@/I\$,>ZL@=q$r3NG'$7$+$D:-Jq;\@_$r8!::$9$k$3$H(B(8.21-25)$B!#(B

$B%Q%M%k$O!"K\7o8!1VA];:IJ$K$D$$$F!"#S#P#S6(Dj$K4p$E$-8xJ?$J?3::$r9T$&$?$a$K$O!"JF9q$NI>u$N$j$s$4(B(mature, symptomless apple fruit)$B!W$G$O$J$/C1$K$j$s$4(B(apple fruit)$B$rBP>];:IJ$H$_$J$9$Y$-$@$H=R$Y$?(B(Without prejudice to our discussion of the merits of this case, we feel bound at this early stage of our reasoning not to prejudice our conclusions by unduly restricting the scope of our findings to mature, symptomless apple fruit.)(8.30-34)$B!#(B

$BN)>Z@UG$(B(Burden of proof)

$B%Q%M%k$O!"#S#P#S6(Dj$NN)>Z@UG$$K$D$$$F(BEC – Hormones$B>e5i0QJs9p$G<($5$l$?86B'$,E,MQ$5$l$k$3$H$r3NG'$7!"2P=}IBL5IBCO0h(B(pest free territory)$B$G$"$kF|K\$K$*$1$k>pJs$,JF9q$h$j$b>/$J$$$3$H$rG'$a$D$D$b!"JF9q$KN)>Z@UG$$rE>49$7$?$j$h$j=E$$N)>Z@UG$$r2]$9$3$H$O=PMh$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(8.41-48)$B!#(B

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$B%Q%M%k$O!"Z5r$,I,MW$+$K$D$$$F$O!"3F?=N)$4$H$KH=CG$9$k$H=R$Y$?(B(8.50-51)$B!#(B

$BF|K\$+$i$N@h7hE*7hDj$NMW@A(B(Japan$B!G(Bs requests for preliminary rulings)

$B!!F|K\$O!"JF9q$,Ds=P$7$?>Z5r$N0lIt$r%Q%M%k$N?3::BP>]$+$i=|30$9$k$h$&5a$a$F$$$?!#%Q%M%k$O!"%Q%M%k$KLdBj$N5R4QE*$JI>2A$r9T$&$3$H$r5a$a$?#D#S#U#1#1>r$K8@5Z$7$D$D!"F|K\$NMW@A$rG'$a$J$+$C$?(B(8.55-56)$B!#(B

$B!!F|K\$O!"JF9q$,6(5DMW@A$NCf$G8@5Z$7$F$$$J$+$C$??=N)5Z$SBh#12s0U8+=q$NCf$G8@5Z$7$F$$$J$+$C$??=N)$K$D$$$F!"%Q%M%k$N?3::BP>]$+$i=|30$9$k$h$&5a$a$F$$$?$,!"%Q%M%k$O$$$:$l$N(8.59-66)$B!#(B

 

$B#2!%(B$B#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r(B(Article 2.2 of the SPS Agreement)

$B#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$K4p$E$/8!1VA(Approach of the Panel with respect to the review of the Phytosanitary measure at issue under Article 2.2 of the SPS Agreement)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"K\7o$GAh$o$l$F$$$k$N$OF|K\$N$j$s$48!1VAZ5r$J$7$K(B(without sufficient scientific evidence)$B!W0];}$5$l$F$$$k$+H]$+$G$"$k$H=R$Y$?>e$G!"!V==J,$J2J3XE*>Z5r$J$7$K!W0];}$5$l$F$$$k$+H]$+$r?3::$9$k:]$N%Q%M%k$N%"%W%m!<%A$K$D$$$F!"r@09g@-$r?3::$7$?8e$G!"$3$NAr$K$h$j@5Ev2=$5$l$&$k$H$NF|K\$N(8.80)$B!"-"#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$K4p$E$-!"F|K\$NAZ5r$J$7$K!W0];}$5$l$F$$$k$+H]$+$r?3::$9$k$?$a$K$O!"0J2<$N#5E@$r?3::$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!"$9$J$o$A(B(i)$B@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$4$H$$$&35G0$,2J3XE*$KBEEv$+!"$^$?%Q%M%k?3::$r@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$4$X$NA(as a preliminary matter, whether the notion of mature, symptomless apple fruit is scientifically supported and whether it is appropriate to restrict our examination of the measure at issue to its application to mature, symptomless apples)$B!"(B(ii)$B@.=O$7$?$j$s$4$,2P=}IB$K46@w$9$k$+(B(whether mature apple fruit can be infected)$B!"(B(iii)$B@.=O$7$?$j$s$4$KFb@86]$,8+$i$l$k$+(B(whether endophytic bacteria may be found in mature apple fruit)(iv)$B@.=O$7$?$j$s$4$,Ce@86]$r4s@8$5$;$F$$$k$+(B(whether mature apple fruit may harbour epiphytic bacteria)(v) $BFb@86]Kt$OCe@86]$r4s@8$5$;$F$$$k$"$k$$$O$3$l$i$N6]$K46@w$7$F$$$k$j$s$4$,F|K\$G(B$B$N46@w8;$H$J$j$&$k$+(B(whether infested or infected apple fruit harbouring endophytic or epiphytic bacteria can complete the fire blight transmission pathway, i.e. whether the bacteria can survive commercial handling, storage and transportation and whether, once it has entered Japan, it can transmit the bacteria to host plants at a receptive stage (apple as a pathway))(8.89)$B!"-#!V2J3XE*>Z5r!W$K$D$$$F!"!VD>@\!W>Z5r$+!V4V@\!W>Z5r$K$+$+$o$i$:!"2J3XE*$JJ}K!$G<}=8$5$l$?>Z5r$O!V2J3XE*!W>Z5r$G$"$j!"$=$l0J30$NJ}K!$G<}=8$7$?>pJs$O!V2J3XE*!W>Z5r$G$O$J$$(B (the evidence to be considered should be evidence gathered through scientific methods, excluding by the same token information not acquired through a scientific method)$B!"$^$?!V>Z5r!W$K$O=pJs$d>ZL@$5$l$F$$$J$$2>@b$O4^$^$l$J$$(B(excludes in essence not only insufficiently substantiated information, but also such things as a non-demonstrated hypothesis)$B!"$5$i$K>u67>Z5r$OMxMQ2DG=$J2J3XE*>Z5r$K>H$i$7$D$D8!F$$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B(8.91-99)$B!"-$!V==J,$J!W$H$$$&4p=`$K$D$$$F!"(BJapan – Agricultural Products II$B>e5i0QJs9p$K$h$l$P!"==J,@-4p=`$OLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k8!1VA]$H$7$F$$$k4m81$K$D$$$F$N!V2J3XE*>Z5r!W$H$N4V$KE,@Z$J4X78!"$9$J$o$A9gM}E*$"$k$$$O5R4QE*$J4X78(B(rational or objective relationship)$B$,$"$k$3$H$r5a$a$F$*$j!"JF9q$O$=$N$h$&$J4X78$,$J$$$3$H$rN)>Z$9$k@UG$$rIi$&(B(8.101-103, 105-106)$B!#(B

$B#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$K4p$E$/K\7o8!1VAI>u$N!W$j$s$4$H$$$&35G0$N0U5A(B(Preliminary question: the relevance and consequences of the notion of $B!H(Bmature, symptomless$B!I(B apple fruit in the assessment of the phytosanitary measure at issue under Article 2.2)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"I>u$N$j$s$4$NM"F~$K4X$9$k4m81$H$=$NB>$N$j$s$4$NM"F~$K4X$9$k4m81$H$rJ,$1$F!"2P=}IB$N46@w$K4X$9$k>Z5r$r8!F$$9$k!"$H=R$Y$?(B(it is not only useful, but also relevant to differentiate, in our assessment of the evidence regarding transmission of the disease, between the risks related to physiologically mature and apparently healthy apple on the one hand, and the risks related to other apples (immature, mature, but damaged) on the other hand, even if the latter may only accidentally enter the territory of Japan)$B!#-!$j$s$4$,@.=O$7$F$$$k$+H]$+$r6hJL$9$k$3$H$O2J3XE*$K2DG=$G$"$j!"$5$i$K@.=O$7$F$$$k$+H]$+$K$h$C$F2P=}IB46@w$N4m81EY$,0[$J$k!J@.=O$7$F$$$k2L(8.113-115)$B!"-"46@w$7$?2LI>u$,8=$l$k$7!"$^$?>I>u$O$J$$$,30It$K6]$,IUCe$7$F$$$?2LI>u$,$"$k$+H]$+$b#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$N?3::$K4XO"$9$k(B(8.116-118)$B!"-#%_%9$d0cK!9T0Y$K$h$C$F46@w$7$?2L(8.119-121)$B!#(B

$B@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$4$N4s@8!&46@w(B(Infestation and infection of mature, symptomless apple fruit)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"I>u$N$j$s$4$,2P=}IB$rH/>I$5$;$k6]$r4s@8$5$;$F$$$k$"$k$$$O2P=}IB$K46@w$7$F$$$k$H$$$&==J,$J2J3XE*$J>Z5r$,$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!%Q%M%k$,=u8@$rF@$?@lLg2H$O!"@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$4$,Fb@86]$r4s@8$5$;$F$$$k$3$H$O$J$$$H=R$Y$F$*$j!"$3$l$rJ$$9==J,$J>Z5r$,$J$$(B(8.125-128)$B!"-"%Q%M%k$,=u8@$r5a$a$?@lLg2H$K$h$l$P!"@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$4$,2P=}IB$N46@w8;$H$J$j$&$k$@$1$NCe@86]$r4s@8$5$;$F$$$k$H$$$&==J,$J2J3XE*>Z5r$,$J$$(B(8.134-136)$B!"-#%Q%M%k$NF@$?>Z5r$d@lLg2H$N=u8@$K$h$l$P!"@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$4$,2P=}IB$K46@w$7$F$$$k$H$O9M$($K$/$$(B(unlikely)(8.138-139)$B!#(B

$BJF9q$+$iM"F~$7$?$j$s$4$K$h$jF|K\$K2P=}IB$,?/F~!"DjCe!"L"1d$9$k4m81@-(B(Risk of entry, establishment or spread of fire blight within Japan by imported US apple fruit(apple fruit as a pathway))

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"Z5r$O$J$$$HG'$a$?!#-!@lLg2H$N=u8@$K$h$l$P!"=EEY$K2P=}IB$K46@w$7$?1`CO$+$i$NM"=P$O95$($k$Y$-$G$O$"$k$,!"@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$4$,2P=}IB?/F~!"DjCe!"L"1d$N860x$K$J$k4m81@-$OL5;k$7$&$k(B(negligible)$B$b$N$G$"$k(B(8.147-153)$B!"-"0lJ}!"@.=O$7$?L5>I>u$N$j$s$40J30$N$j$s$4!"FC$K2P=}IB$K46@w$7$?$j$s$4$O2P=}IB$N860x$H$J$k6]$r4s@8$5$;$F$*$j!"$3$N$h$&$J$j$s$4$rDL$8$FF|K\$K2P=}IB6]$,?/F~$9$k$3$H$O9M$($i$l$k(B(8.154-157)$B!"-#2P=}IB$K46@w$7$?$j$s$4$,%_%9$d0cK!9T0Y$K$h$jF|K\$KM"F~$5$l$k4m81@-$O>.$5$$$b$N$N!"F|K\$O$3$N$h$&$J4m81@-$r9MN8$KF~$l$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B(8.160-161)$B!"-$$7$+$7!"F|K\$KM"F~$5$l$?2P=}IB$K46@w$7$?$j$s$4$,!"F|K\$K$*$1$k2P=}IB$NDjCe!&L"1d$N860x$K$J$k$3$H$K$D$$$F$O!"==J,$J2J3XE*$J>Z5r$,<($5$l$F$$$J$$(B(8.163-168)$B!#(B

$BCf4V7kO@(B(Intermediate conclusion)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"0J>e$rF'$^$(!"$j$s$4$,F|K\$K$*$$$F2P=}IB$rDjCe!&L"1d$5$;$k2DG=@-$K$D$$$F$O!J%<%m$G$O$J$$$b$N$N!K==J,$J2J3XE*>Z5r$,$J$$$H7kO@$7$?(B(8.169-176)$B!#(B

$BK\7o8!1VAr@09g@-(B(Conformity of the phytosanitary measure at issue with Article 2.2 of the SPS Agreement)$B!?#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$K4X$9$k;CDjE*7kO@(B(Provisional conclusion on Article 2.2 of the SPS Agreement)

$B!!%Q%M%k$OZ5r$J$7$K!W0];}$5$l$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$K$h$l$P!"8!1VAZ5r$H$N4V$K9gM}E*$"$k$$$O5R4QE*$J4X78$,$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$,!">e=R$7$?$h$&$J2J3XE*>Z5r$K$h$l$P4m81@-$,L5;k$7$&$k$b$N$G$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$H!"K\7o8!1VA(Given the negligible risk identified on the basis of the scientific evidence and the nature of the elements composing the phytosanitary measure at issue, the measure on the face of it is disproportionate to that risk)(8.177-181)$B!"-"$H$j$o$1!"M"=P1`CO$N<~0O$K#5#0#0#mI}$N4K>WCOBS$r@_CV$9$k$H$$$&MW7o!"G/#32s1`CO8!::$rZ5r$H$N9gM}E*$"$k$$$O5R4QE*$J4X78$,$J$$(B(8.185-191, 195-197)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$K4X$9$k:G=*E*$J7kO@$r=P$9A0$K!"K\7o8!1VAr$K$h$C$F@5Ev2=$5$l$&$k$+H]$+$r8!F$$9$k!"$H=R$Y$?(B(8.200-202)$B!#(B

 

$B#3!%(B$B#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#7>r(B(Article 5.7 of the SPS Agreement)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r$K$h$C$F@5Ev2=$5$l$:!"$7$?$,$C$F#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#-!(BJapan – Agricultural Products II$B>e5i0QJs9p$K$h$l$P!"#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#7>r$K$h$jAZ$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!"$9$J$o$A(B(i)$BAZ5r$,IT==J,$J!W>u67$K$*$$$FE,MQ$5$l$F$$$k$3$H(B(The measure is imposed in respect of a situation where $B!H(Brelevant scientific evidence is insufficient$B!I(B)$B!"(B(ii)$BApJs!W$K4p$E$-:NMQ$5$l$F$$$k$3$H(B(the measure is adopted on the basis of $B!H(Bavailable pertinent information$B!I(B)(iii)$BA$B!V(B$B0lAX5R4QE*$J4m81@-$NI>2A$N$?$a$KI,MW$JDI2C$N>pJs$rF@$k$h$&EX$a!W(B($B!H(Bseek[s] to obtain the additional information necessary for a more objective assessment of risk$B!I(B)(iv)$B!V(B$BE,Ev$J4|4VFb$KEv3:1R@8?"J*8!1VA$B!H(Breview[s] the $B!D(B measure accordingly within a reasonable period of time$B!I(B)(para.8.212-213)$B!"-"#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#7>r$N!V4XO"$9$k2J3XE*>Z5r!W$H$O!"#2!%#2>r$N!V2J3XE*>Z5r!W$H$O0[$J$j!"F|K\$NN)>l$r;Y;}$9$k>Z5r$N$_$J$i$:F|K\$H5U$NN)>l$K4X$9$k>Z5r$b4^$_(B(not only evidence supporting Japan$B!G(Bs view, but also evidence supporting other views)$B!"Ah$o$l$F$$$k8!1VLdBj!JK\7o$G$O$j$s$4$rDL$8$?2P=}IBEA@w$N4m81@-!K$K4X$9$k(B$B0lHLE*$J(B$B>Z5r$r0UL#$9$k$H2r$5$l(B($B!H(Binsufficient relevant evidence$B!I(B is meant to refer to evidence in general on the phytosanitary question at issue, in this instance the risk of transmission of fire blight through apple fruit)$B!"K\7o$K$*$$$F$O$=$N$h$&$J>Z5r$,B?$/$"$j!"#5!%#7>r$K5,Dj$5$l$k$h$&$J>Z5r$,IT==J,$J>u67$H$O$$$($J$$(B(8.214-219)$B!"-#2>$K!"F|K\$,r$N!V4XO"$9$k2J3XE*>Z5r!W$,8!1VLdBj$N$"$kFCDj$NB&LL$K4X$9$k>Z5r$r0UL#$9$k$H$7$F$b!"K\7o$K$*$$$F>Z5r$,==J,$K$"$k$H$$$&7kO@$OJQ$o$i$J$$(B(8.220)$B!"-$0J>e$h$j!"F|K\$NAr$K$h$j@5Ev2=$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$:!"#2!%#2>r0cH?$7$F$$$k(B(8.223-224)$B!#(B

 

$B#4!%#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r5Z$S#5!%#2>r(B(Articles 5.1 and 5.2 of the SPS Agreement)

$B%Q%M%k$O!"#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r$K$O!"!V4m81@-$NI>2A(B(an assessment of risks)$B!W$r9T$&5AL3$H!"!V4m81@-$NI>2A(B$B$K4p$E$$$F(B$B#S#P#SA(that Members ensure that their SPS measures are based on such an assessment)$B!W5AL3$N#2$D$NMWAG$,4^$^$l$F$$$k$H$7!"$^$:F|K\$,!V4m81@-$NI>2A!W$r9T$C$?$+H]$+$r8!F$$9$k$H=R$Y$?(B(8.233-234)$B!#(B

$BF|K\$N4m81@-I>2A(B(Japan$B!G(Bs risk assessment)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"K\7o$K$*$$$F$O0J2<$N$h$&$J4p=`$K4p$E$-4m81@-$NI>2A$K4X$9$k?3::$r9T$&$H=R$Y$?!#-!#S#P#S6(DjImB0=q#A%Q%i#4$K$h$l$P!"4m81@-$NI>2A$H$O(i) $BE,MQ$7F@$k1R@8?"J*8!1VAe$N5Z$S7P:QE*$J1F6A(B(the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease within the territory of an importing Member according to the sanitary or phytosanitary measures which might be applied, and of the associated potential biological and economic consequences)$B$NI>2A!"(B(ii)$B4m81@-$NI>2A$,!V$=$l$>$l$N>u67$K$*$$$FE,@Z$J$b$N!W$G$"$k$+H]$+(B(whether this risk assessment is $B!H(Bas appropriate to the circumstances$B!I(B)$B$NI>2A!"(B(iii)$B!V(B$B4XO"9q:]5!4X$,:n@.$7$?4m81@-$NI>2A$NJ}K!$r9MN8!W$7$F$$$k$+H]$+(B(whether the risk assessment takes $B!H(Binto account risk assessment techniques developed by the relevant international organizations$B!I(B)$B$NI>2A(B(8.236)$B!"-"!V$=$l$>$l$N>u67$K$*$$$FE,@Z$J$b$N!W$H$$$&4p=`$K$D$$$F!"K\7o$K$*$1$k>u67$H$OF|K\$K2P=}IB$,$J$$$H$$$&;vr7o(B(the fact that Japan is considered to be fire blight-free, as well as its specific climate conditions, which make it a potentially favorable environment for the spread of fire blight, should the disease enter the country)$B$,4^$^$l$k(B(8.240)$B!"-#!V4XO"9q:]5!4X$,:n@.$7$?4m81@-$NI>2A$NJ}K!$r9MN8!W$7$F$$$k$+H]$+$N4p=`$K$D$$$F!"%Q%M%k$OF|K\$N#P#R#A$,!"#I#P#S#M#25Z$S#I#S#P#M#1#1$K<($5$l$F$$$k$h$&$JJ}K!$G!"$j$s$4$K$h$k2P=}IB$N?/F~!"DjCe!"L"1d$,5/$3$j$&$k7PO)$d$=$N$h$&$J?/F~!"DjCe!"L"1d$,8=2A$7$F$$$k$+(B(whether Japan$B!G(Bs PRA sufficiently identifies and assesses, as suggested under both instruments, the possible pathways for the introduction and spread of fire blight through apple fruit and the likelihood/probability for their being realized)$B$r?3::$9$k(B(8.241-244)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r$K5,Dj$5$l$k4m81@-$NI>2A$NMW7o$rK~$?$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!4m81@-$NI>2A$K4X$9$k?3::$NBP>]$H$9$Y$-;vpJs$J$I$=$l0J30$NMWAG$K$D$$$F$b4^$^$l$k(B(8.246-249)$B!"-"$3$l$^$G$N>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$K$h$l$P!"#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r$N4m81@-I>2A$H$O!"0J2<$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!"$9$J$o$A!"(B(i)$B2CLA9q$,NN0hFb$K$*$1$k?/F~!"DjCe!"L"1d$rKI$4$&$H$7$F$$$kIB5$$H!"$3$l$i$KH<$&@x:_E*$J@8J*3X>e$N5Z$S7P:QE*$J1F6A$NFCDj(B(identify the diseases whose entry, establishment or spread a Member wants to prevent within its territory, as well as the potential biological and economic consequences associated with the entry, establishment or spread of these disease)$B!"(B(ii)$B$=$N$h$&$J?/F~!"DjCe!"L"1d$d!"$3$l$i$KH<$&@x:_E*$J@8J*3X>e$N5Z$S7P:QE*$J1F6A$K4X$9$k38A3@-$NI>2A(B(evaluate the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of these diseases, as well as the associated potential biological and economic consequences)$B!"(B(iii) $BE,MQ$7F@$k1R@8?"J*8!1VA2A(B(evaluate the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of these diseases according to the SPS measures which might be applied)(8.250)$B!"-#-"(B(ii)$B$K$D$$$F!"F|K\$N#P#R#A$O!"2P=}IB$,F|K\$K?/F~$9$k2DG=@-$K4X$9$k0lHLE*$JI>2A$r9T$&$N$_$G!"K\7o$GLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k$j$s$4$K==J,$KFCDj$7$?I>2A$H$O$$$($J$$(B (8.266-271)$B!"-$$^$?!"ImB0=q#A%Q%i#4$K$h$l$P!"38A3@-$NI>2A$H$OC1$J$k2DG=@-$N;XE&$G$O$J$/(B(evaluation of likelihood involves more than a mere identification of $B!H(Bpossibilities$B!I(B)$B!"?/F~$N(B$B8+9~$_(B$B$rI>2A(B(assessment of probability of entry)$B$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$:!">e5i0Q0w2q$K$h$l$P8+9~$_$H$O2DG=@-$h$j$b9b$$MW7o$r2]$7$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l(B (probability implies a higher degree or a $B!H(Bthreshold of potentially or possibility$B!I(B)$B!"$3$NE@F|K\$O38A3@-$NEY9g$$$K$D$$$F$NI>2A$r9T$C$F$$$J$$(B(8.272-279)$B!"-$-"$*$h$S-#$h$j!"F|K\$N#P#R#A$O#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r5Z$SImB0=q#A%Q%i#4$K4p$E$/4m81@-$NI>2A$r9T$C$F$$$k$H$O$$$($J$$(B(8.280)$B!"-%-"(B(iii)$B$K$D$$$F!"F|K\$O8=$K:NMQ$7$?A2A$r9T$C$?$H$O$$$($J$$(B(8.281-289)$B!#(B

$BA2A!V$K4p$E$$$F!W$$$k$+(B(Is the measure $B!H(Bbased on$B!I(B a risk assessment?)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"F|K\$N#P#R#A$,#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#1>r$K5,Dj$5$l$k4m81@-$NI>2A$NMW7o$rK~$?$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?$3$H$+$i!"EvA3$KF|K\$NA2A!V$K4p$E$$$F!W$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?(B(8.291)$B!#(B

 

$B#5!%#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#6>r(B(Article 5.6 of the SPS Agreement)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"$9$G$K#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#2>r0cH?$rG'Dj$7$?$3$H$+$i!"AJ>Y7P:Q$N4QE@$+$i#S#P#S6(Dj#5!%#6>r$K$D$$$F$O?3::$7$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(8.300-304)$B!#(B

 

$B#6!%#S#P#S6(Dj#7>r5Z$SImB0=q#B(B(Article 7 and Annex B of the SPS Agreement)

$B!!F|K\$O!"#1#9#9#7G/$K?"J*KI1VK!$K4p$E$/2P=}IB4XO"#S#P#SAJ9p<(Bh#3#5#49f$H%"%a%j%+9g=09q;:$j$s$4$K78$k4p=`!K$,4^$^$l$F$$$J$+$C$?(B(8.311-312)$B!#$3$l$KBP$7$FJF9q$O!"F|K\$,#S#P#S6(Dj#7>r$K0cH?$7$?$H

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r0cH?$rN)>Z$9$k$K$O!"DLJs$5$l$J$+$C$?Al%"%/%;%9>r7o$K1F6A$rM?$($F$$$k$3$H$r>ZL@$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$,!"JF9q$O$=$N$h$&$J>ZL@$r$7$F$$$J$$(B(8.313-318)$B!"-"G@NS?e;:>J9p<(Bh#3#5#49f$O;T>l%"%/%;%9>r7o$K=EBg$J1F6A$rM?$($k$b$N$G$O$J$/!"F|K\$ODLCN$9$k5AL3$rIi$o$J$$$7!"4p=`$K$D$$$F$b;T>l%"%/%;%9>r7o$K1F6A$rM?$($k$b$N$+$I$&$+$OH=CG$7$,$?$/!"$3$l$K$D$$$FF|K\$,DLCN$9$k5AL3$rIi$C$?$H7kO@$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$(B(8.319-326)$B!#(B

 

$B#7!%$=$NB>(B(Article XI of GATT 1994; Other Claims Included in the Request for Establishment of the Panel)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"F|K\$NA$N?=N)!J#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1#1>r!"G@6H6(Dj#4!%#2>r!"#S#P#S6(Dj#2!%#3>r!"#5!%#3>r!"#5!%#5>r!"#6!%#1>r!"#6!%#2>r!"Hs0cH?!K$K$D$$$F$O8!F$$9$kI,MW$,$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(8.330-336)$B!#(B

 

*$B%Q%M%k$N(B