WT/DS248/AB/R
WT/DS249/AB/R
WT/DS251/AB/R
WT/DS252/AB/R
WT/DS253/AB/R
WT/DS254/AB/R
WT/DS258/AB/R
WT/DS259/AB/R
11
July 2003
United
States
– Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products
Report of the Appellate Body
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James Bacchus (Presiding Member)
George Abi-Saab
John Lockhart
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$B!!JF9q$O!"(BEC – Pipe Fittings$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$K0M5r$7$D$D!"#I#T#C%l%]!<%H$NM"F~$NA}2C$K$D$$$FO@$8$?%;%/%7%g%s$K!"M=8+$5$l$J$+$C$?H/E8$,M"F~$NA}2C$r5"7k$7$?$3$H$r>ZL@$9$k%G!<%?$,4^$^$l$F$*$j!"%Q%M%k$O$3$N%G!<%?$rMQ$$$FM=8+$5$l$J$+$C$?H/E8$K4X$9$k?3::$r9T$&$Y$-$@$C$?$H(324-325,327)$B!#(B
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$B#3!%M"F~$NA}2C(B(Increased Imports)
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facts supported its determination that $B!D(B)$B!"BEEv$JG'Dj$G$"$C$?(B(368-376)$B!"-"%9%F%s%l%9@~:`$K$D$$$F!"(B(i)$B$"$keAJ$HF1;]$NJF9q$Ne5--!$HF1MM$NM}M3$G$3$l$rB`$1$k(B(379-380)$B!"(B(ii)$BM"F~$N9qFb;T>l%7%'%"$OM"F~$NA}2C$G$O$J$/0x2L4X78$K4X$9$kMW0x$G$"$j!"$3$l$r%Q%M%k$,8!F$$7$J$+$C$?$3$H$O8m$j$G$O$J$$(B(381-382)$B!"-#G.1dK@9]$K$D$$$F!"(B(i)$BJF9q$O!"%Q%M%k$,D4::BP>]4|4V=*HW$KM"F~$N@dBPNL$,8:>/$7$?$3$H$r=E;k$7$9$.$F$$$k$He5--!$HF1MM$NM}M3$G$3$N(386-388)$B!"(B(ii)$BJF9q$O!"%Q%M%k$,D4::BP>]4|4V=*HW$KM"F~$NAjBPNL$,8:>/$7$?$3$H$r=E;k$7$9$.$F$$$k$H ([data] may well support the USITC$B!G(Bs
conclusion relating to increased imports)$B!"$3$NE@%Q%M%k$N;v2A$NBEEv@-$K$O7|G0$b$"$k(B
(we have some misgivings about the Panel$B!G(Bs assessment)$B!"$7$+$7!"D4::BP>]4|4V=*HW$KM"F~$NAjBPNL$,8:>/$7$?$K$b$+$+$o$i$:#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r$NMW7o$,K~$?$5$l$k$3$H$K$D$$$F#I#T#C$O==J,@bL@$7$F$*$i$:!":,5r(B$B$K4p$E$/E,@Z$J@bL@$,Ds<($5$l$F$$$J$$$H$N%Q%M%kG'Dj$OBEEv$G$"$C$?(B(The issue before us is whether the USITC provided an explanation
in its report on whether imports increased relative to domestic
production. On that point, we agree
with the Panel that the USITC did not explain why$B!D(B)(392-399)$B!#(B
$B%V%j%-@=IJ!"%9%F%s%l%99]@~(B(Tin Mill Products and Stainless Steel Wire)
$B!!JF9q$O!"%V%j%-@=IJ$H%9%F%s%l%99]@~$K$D$$$F!"%Q%M%k$,#I#T#C0Q0w$N0U8+$N3d$l$N$_$r:,5r$K0cH?G'Dj$7$?$3$H$OBEEv$G$J$$$H>eAJ$7$F$$$?(B(334)$B!#(B
$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"$B$G$-$J$$(B(cannot be reconciled)$B!W$H=R$Y$F$$$k$,!"0[$J$k;:IJDj5A$K4p$E$/G'Dj$OI,$:$7$bAj8_$KGSB>E*$H$O8@$($:(B([not] necessarily, mutually exclusive)$B!"@09gE*$K2r(it
may be that they are irreconcilable, but that will depend on the facts of the
case)$B!"$3$NE@%Q%M%k$OK\7o$K$*$$$F#I#T#CG'Dj$,@09gE*$K2r(413)$B!"-"#S#G6(Dj$O!"Ev6I$N7hDj$K$D$$$FC10l$N@bL@$rDs<($9$k$+J#?t$N@bL@$rDs<($9$k$+$K$D$$$F2CLA9q$N:[NL$rG'$a$F$$$k(B(414)$B!"-#%Q%M%k$O!"J#?t$N0[$J$k@bL@$,Ds<($5$l$F$$$k$H$$$&M}M3$N$_$G:,5r$K4p$E$/E,@Z$J@bL@$,Ds<($5$l$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$:(B(a panel may not conclude that there is no reasoned and adequate
explanation for a competent authority$B!G(Bs determination by relying merely on the
fact that distinct multiple explanations given by the competent authority are
not based on an identically-defined like product)$B!"$=$l$>$l$N0Q0w$N8+2r$r8DJL$K?3::$7$?$&$($G:,5r$K4p$E$/E,@Z$J@bL@$,Ds<($5$l$F$$$k$+H]$+$rH=CG$9$Y$-$G$"$C$?(B(the Panel should have continued its inquiry by examining the views
of the three Commissioners separately, in order to ascertain whether one
of these sets of findings contained a reasoned and adequate explanation for the
USITC$B!G(Bs $B!H(Bsingle institutional determination$B!I(B on tin
mill products)(415-418)$B!#(B
$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"%V%j%-@=IJ$K4X$9$kG'Dj$HF1$8M}M3$G!"%9%F%s%l%99]@~$K4X$9$k%Q%M%kG'Dj$bGK4~$7$?(B(429)$B!#(B
$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"%V%j%-@=IJ$H%9%F%s%l%99]@~$K4X$9$k%Q%M%kG'Dj$rGK4~$7$?$3$H$K$h$j!"$3$l$i$K$D$$$F#I#T#C$,:,5r$K4p$E$/E,@Z$J@bL@$rDs<($7$?$+H]$+$K$D$$$F?3::$7!"$3$l$i#2;:IJ$NM"F~$NA}2C$K4X$9$k!VJ,@O$r40N;(B(complete the analysis)$B!W$9$Y$-$+H]$+$r8!F$$7$?!#>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"%V%j%-@=IJ$H%9%F%s%l%99]@~$K4X$9$k#S#GAr(B(a)$B5Z$S#S#G6(Dj#3!%#1>r!"$5$i$K%Q%i%l%j%:%`MW7o$K0cH?$7$F$*$j!"$7$?$,$C$F$3$l$i$N#S#GAe5i0Q0w2q$OM"F~$NA}2C$K$D$$$F$N!VJ,@O$r40N;!W$9$kI,MW$O$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(431)$B!#(B
$B#4!%%Q%i%l%j%:%`(B
$BA]30$H$5$l$?M"F~$N1F6A$r@bL@$9$kI,MW@-(B(The Need to Account for the Effects of Imports from Excluded
Sources)
$B!!JF9q$O!"Ev6I$OA]30$H$5$l$?M"F~$N1F6A$K$D$$$F@bL@$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$H$N%Q%M%kG'Dj$O!"#S#G6(Dj$NJ88@$K4p$E$/$b$N$G$O$J$$$H$7$F>eAJ$7$F$$$?(B(446-447)$B!#(B
$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"eAJ$rB`$1$?!#-!#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2>r(B(a)$B$H#4!%#2>r(B(b)$B$N!VM"F~$NA}2C!W$O6&$K#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r$K5,Dj$5$l$kM"F~!"$9$J$o$A(B$B#S#GA]$H$J$kM"F~(B(imports included in the safeguard measure)$B$r0UL#$7!"$7$?$,$C$F#S#GA]30$H$5$l$?M"F~$O#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2>r(B(b)$B$N!VM"F~$NA}2C0J30$N(B(other than increased imports)$B!WMW0x$H$_$J$5$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$:!"Ev6I$O!"#S#GA]30$H$5$l$?M"F~$r4^$`!"M"F~$NA}2C0J30$NMW0x$N1F6A$N@U$a$r#S#GA]$H$5$l$?M"F~$K5"$5$J$$$h$&$K$9$k(B(to ensure that the effects of factors other than increased imports
– a set of factors that subsumes imports excluded from the safeguard measure
– are not attributed to imports included in measure, in establishing a
causal link between imports included in the measure and serious injury or
threat thereof)$B5AL3$rIi$&(B(448-450)$B!"-"#S#G6(Dj#4!%#2>r(B(b)$B$NHs5"@UMW7o$rK~$?$9$K$O!"Ev6I$OM"F~$NA}2C0J30$NMW0x$N1F6A$rM"F~$NA}2C$K5"$7$F$$$J$$$3$H$K$D$$$F:,5r$K4p$E$/E,@Z$J@bL@$K$h$jL@<(E*$K>ZL@$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$:(B(the competent authorities must establish explicitly, through a
reasoned and adequate explanation, that injury caused by factors other than
increased imports is not attributed to increased imports)$B!"$7$?$,$C$F%Q%M%k$,Ev6I$OA]30$H$5$l$?M"F~$N1F6A$K$D$$$F@bL@$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$HG'Dj$7$?$3$H$OBEEv$G$"$C$?(B(451-453)$B!#(B
$B%9%F%s%l%9@~:`$K4X$9$k7kO@(B(Conclusions with Respect to Stainless Steel Rod)
$B!!JF9q$O!"%9%F%s%l%9@~:`$K$D$$$F!"%$%9%i%(%k$H%h%k%@%s$+$i$NM"F~$OHs>o$K>/$J$/#I#T#C$NG'Dj$K1F6A$rM?$($k$b$N$G$O$J$$$H#I#T#C$OG'Dj$7$F$*$j!"$3$NG'Dj$K$h$j%Q%i%l%j%:%`MW7o$OK~$?$5$l$F$$$k!"$3$NG'Dj$K2C$(!"$5$i$K:,5r$K4p$E$/E,@Z$J@bL@$K$h$C$F$3$l$rL@<(E*$K>ZL@$9$kI,MW$O$J$$(B (redundant findings)$B$H$7$F!"$3$NE@$K4X$9$k%Q%M%kG'Dj$KBP$7>eAJ$7$F$$$?(B(460)$B!#(B
$B!!>e5i0Q0w2q$O!"eAJ$rB`$1$?!#-!#I#T#C$O!"%+%J%@$H%a%-%7%3$r=|30$7$?M"F~$K$D$$$F$N7hDj$H!"%$%9%i%(%k$H%h%k%@%s$r=|30$7$?M"F~$K$D$$$F$N7hDj$rJL8D$K9T$C$F$$$k$N$_$G!"%+%J%@!"%a%-%7%3!"%$%9%i%(%k!"%h%k%@%s$r=|$$$?M"F~$N$_$G#S#GAr7o$rK~$?$7$&$k$+H]$+$K$D$$$F7hDj$r9T$C$F$$$J$$(B(465-467)$B!"-"%+%J%@!"%a%-%7%3!"%$%9%i%(%k!"%h%k%@%s$+$i$NM"F~NL$,>/$J$$$+$i$H$$$C$F!"%Q%i%l%j%:%`MW7o$N5AL3$NFbMF$,JQ$o$k$o$1$G$O$J$/!"$3$l$i#4%+9q$r=|$$$?M"F~$,#S#GA$B$R$H$D$K$^$H$a$?(B$BG'Dj(B(one single joint determination)$B$r9T$o$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$(B(468,
471-472)$B!#(B
$B#5!%0x2L4X78(B(Causation)
$B$"$k(CCFRS, Hot-Rolled Bar, Cold-Finished Bar, Rebar, Welded Pipe,
FFTJ, and Stainless Steel Bar)
$B>e5i0Q0w2q$O!">e5-;:IJ$K4X$9$k#S#GAr(B(a)$B!"#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r!"#3!%#1>r!"#4!%#2>r0cH?$rG'Dj$7$F$*$j!"JF9q$N0x2L4X78J,@O$,#S#G6(Dj#2!%#1>r5Z$S#4!%#2>r$K0cH?$9$k$+$K$D$$$F$O?3::$9$kI,MW$,$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(483)$B!#(B
$B$5$i$K>e5i0Q0w2q$O!">-Mh$N#S#GAeAJUS – Line Pipe$B!"(BUS
– Lamb$B!"(BUS
– Wheat Gluten$B!"(BEC
– Pipe Fittings$B$K$*$1$k0x2L4X78$K4X$9$k>e5i0Q0w2qG'Dj$r:F3NG'$7$?(B(484-491)$B!#(B