WT/DS276/R
6
April 2004
Canada – Measures Relating to Exports of Wheat and Treatment of Imported
Grain
Complaint by the United States
Report of the Panel
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Ms. Claudia Orozco (Chairperson)
Mr. Alan Matthews
Mr. Hanspeter Tschäni
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$B#D#S#U!JJ6Ah2r7h$K78$k5,B'5Z$S; Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of
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surrounding these sales, including the nature and extent of competition in the
relevant market)(6.103)$B!#(B
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$B#4!%M"F~9rJ*$N(Measures Affecting the Treatment of Imported Grain)
$B"($3$N%;%/%7%g%s$NG'Dj$O!"#37n%Q%M%k$H#77n%Q%M%k$N6&DL$NG'Dj$G$"$k!J#37n%Q%M%k$H#77n%Q%M%k$OF10l$NG'Dj$r9T$C$?$H$5$l$F$$$k!K(B(6.3)$B!#(B
$B!!JF9q$O!"%+%J%@$NM"F~9rJ*$Nr5Z$S#T#R#I#M#s6(Dj#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H(6.152)$B!#(B
$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$N0UL#5Z$SE,MQBP>]$K$D$$$F!"Korea – Various Measures on Beef$B>e5i0QJs9p$K$h$l$P!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r0cH?$rG'Dj$9$k$?$a$K$O0J2<$N#3E@$,N)>Z$5$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!"$9$J$o$A(B(i)$B$"$k@/I\A(the imported products that are allegedly treated less favourably by a particular governmental measure must be
"like" the domestic products that are said to enjoy better treatment)$B!"(B(ii)$BLdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k@/I\A(the governmental measure at issue must be a law, regulation or
requirement affecting the internal sale, purchase, transportation, distribution
or use of the imported products)$B!"(B(iii)$BEv3:@/I\A(the application of the governmental measure must result in less favourable treatment of the imported products vis-à-vis the
like domestic products)(6.156)$B!"-"%+%J%@$OBP>]A(imported)$B!W;:IJ$G$O$J$/!VM"AwCf$N(B(in transition)$B!W;:IJ$KE,MQ$5$l$k$b$N$G$"$j!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$OE,MQ$5$l$J$$$Hr$O!VM"F~$5$l$?!W;:IJ$K$N$_E,MQ$5$l$k$b$N$G$"$k$,!"2>$KK\7oAr$OE,MQ$5$l$&$k(B(If the relevant measures apply to "imported" grain, then
the possibility that the same measures might also apply to grain "in
transit" would not, in the Panel's view, remove those measures from the
scope of Article III:4)(6.157-158)$B!#(B
$B%+%J%@9rJ*K!#5#7>r(B(c)
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r(B(c)$B$=$N$b$N$,#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$HG'$a$?!#-!F1(like products)$B$K$D$$$F!"(BArgentina – Hides
and Leather$B%Q%M%kJs9p$d(BUS – FSC (Article 21.5 – EC)$B%Q%M%kJs9p$K$h$l$P!"86;:CO$N0c$$$N$_$K4p$E$-0[$J$kBT6x$rM?$($F$$$k>l9g$K$O!"?=N)9q$O$"$k;:IJ$rFCDj$7$=$N;:IJ$NF1Z$9$kI,MW$OI,$:$7$b$J$/!"0[$J$kBT6x$rM?$($i$l$kF1Z$9$l$P==J,$G$"$k(B($B!D(Bwhere a difference in treatment between domestic and imported products
is based exclusively on the products' origin, the complaining party need not
necessarily identify specific domestic and imported products and establish
their likeness in terms of the traditional criteria -- that is, the physical
properties, end-uses and consumers' tastes and habits. Instead, it is sufficient for the
purposes of satisfying the "like product" requirement, to demonstrate
that there can or will be domestic and imported products that are like)$B!"K\7o$K$*$$$F!"M"F~9rJ*$K$D$$$F$N$_%5%$%mHBF~$N5v2D$rF@$k$3$H$r5AL3IU$1$F$$$k%+%J%@9rJ*K!#5#7>r(B(c)$B$O!"F1(domestic grain that is like foreign grain would not be subject to
Section 57(c). Indeed, even
domestic grain that is identical to foreign grain in all respects except for
origin would not be subject to the authorization requirement contained in
Section 57(c))$B!"K\7o$K$*$$$F#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$NF1(6.163-167)$B!"-"9qFb$NN.DL!&M"Aw$K1F6A$rM?$($kA(measures affecting
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additional, or extra, requirements on imported products as compared to like
domestic products)$B!"M"F~9rJ*$NF1(adversely affect
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199-200, 202-203, 205-207, 209-210, 213)$B!#(B
$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r(B(c)$B$N#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r0cH?$O!"#G#A#T#T#2#0>r(B(d)$B$K$h$C$F$b@5Ev2=$5$l$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!K\7oAr(B(d)$B$K$h$C$F@5Ev2=$9$k$?$a$K$O!"K\7oA(d)$B$NArCl=q$-$NMW7o$rK~$?$9$3$H$,I,MW$G$"$k(B