WT/DS301/R

22 April 2005

European Communities – Measures Affecting Trade in Commercial Vessels

   Complaint by Korea

Report of the Panel

 

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William J. Davey (Chairperson)

Donald M. McRae

Daniel Jacobus Jordaan

 

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$B#S#C#M6(Dj!JJd=u6b5Z$SAj;&AAgreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures$B!K!"#D#S#U!JJ6Ah2r7h$K78$k5,B'5Z$S; Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes$B!K!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T!J@i6eI46e==;MG/$N4X@G5Z$SKG0W$K4X$9$k0lHL6(Dj!((BGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994$B!K(B

 

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$B#2#0#0#3G/!!#97n!!#3F|!!6(5DMW@A(B

$B#2#0#0#4G/!!#27n!!#5F|!!%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A(B

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$B#1!%#E#U$N;CDjE*KI1R@)EY!J#2#0#0#4G/#37n#1#1F|2~@5#E#CM};v2q5,B'(B1177/2002$B!K(B

$B!!K\7o$O!"#E#U$N;CDjE*KI1R@)EY(B(Temporary Defensive Mechanism to Shipbuilding)$B$K4X$9$k5,B'!J0J2]$H$9$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(B

$B!!#1#9#9#8G/#67n!"M};v2q$O#2#0#0#0G/#1#27n#3#1F|$^$G$KB$A%7@Ls4XO"$NA%2A=u@.(B(contract-related operating aid)$B$rGQ;_$9$k$3$H$r7hDj$7$?!#$7$+$7#T#D#M5,B'$O!"4Z9q$,B$A%LdBj$K4X$9$k9g0U$r5G'$9$k7hDj$r9T$C$?!#(B

$B!!$J$*!"#E#C$O#2#0#0#2G/#1#07n#2#1F|$K4Z9q$NB$A%Jd=u6b$K$D$$$F4Z9q$K6(5DMW@A$r9T$$!"#2#0#0#5G/#47n#1#1F|$K%Q%M%kJs9p!J4Z9q$O6X;_$5$l$F$$$kM"=PJd=u6b$r8rIU$7$F$*$j!"#S#C#M6(Dj#3!%#1>r(B(a)$B5Z$S#3!%#2>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k(B$B!K$,:NBr$5$l$F$$$k(B(DS273)$B!##T#D#M5,B'$O!"4Z9q$NB$A%Jd=u6b$K$D$$$F#E#C$,#W#T#O$KJ6Ah$rIUBw$7$?F|$+$i$=$NJ6Ah$,2r7h$5$l$k$^$G1?MQ$5$l$k$3$H$H$J$C$F$$$?!#(B

 

$B%Q%M%k7hDj$NJ,@O(B$B!J(B()$BFb$N?t;z$OCJMnHV9f!K(B

r$NBP>]HO0O(B>$B#1!%(B$B=x(B(Introduction)

$BN)>Z@UG$(B(Burden of proof)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"(BUS – Wool Shirts and Blouses$B>e5i0Q0w2qJs9p$r0zMQ$7$D$D!"N)>Z@UG$$K4X$9$k$3$l$^$G$N479T$r3NG'$7$?(B(7.4-5)$B!#(B

$B@h7hE*;v9`(B(Preliminary issues)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"4Z9q$,#T#D#M5,B'$K4p$E$/8D!9$N;YJ'(B(individual disbursement)$B$N07$$$rL@$i$+$K$9$k$h$&5a$a$F$$$?LdBj$K$D$$$F!"4Z9q$N%Q%M%k@_CVMW@A$O8D!9$N;YJ'$K8@5Z$7$F$*$i$:!"$^$?>-Mh$N8D!9$N;YJ'$O#D#S#B4+9p$N(neither necessary nor appropriate to clarify the status)$B$H=R$Y$?(B(7.15-25)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"4Z9q$,#2#0#0#4G/#57n$K#E#C$K2CLA$7$?=t9q$N#T#D#M5,B']$H$9$Y$-$H-Mh$N2>DjE*$JA(an abstract ruling on hypothetical future measures is [not] necessary nor helpful)$B$H=R$Y$?(B(7.26-31)$B!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"4Z9q$,K\7oJ6Ah$O4Z9q$H#E#C5Z$S#E#C2CLA(B$B9q$H$NJ6Ah$G$"$k$H]$H$9$l$P==J,$G$"$k$H=R$Y$?(B(7.32-33)$B!#(B

 

$B#2!%(B$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$K4p$E$/(Claim under Article III:4 of the GATT 1994)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r(B(b)$B$K5,Dj$5$l$k!V9qFb@8;:r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#T#D#M5,B'$K4p$E$-Jd=u6b$,8rIU$5$l$k$N$O9qFb$NB$A%6Hr(B(b)$B$NAr7o$rK~$?$7$F$$$k(B(7.67-69)$B!"-"$3$l$KBP$9$k4Z9q$NH?O@!J#T#D#M5,B'$O:9JLE*5,@)OHAH$_$G$"$C$FJd=u6b$=$N$b$N$G$O$J$$!"#T#D#M5,B'$K4p$E$-8rIU$5$l$kJd=u6b$O0lHLE*$J$b$N$G$O$J$$!"Jd=u6b$N5f6KE*$J(7.70-74)$B!#(B

 

$B#3!%(B$B#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1>r$K4p$E$/(Claim under Article I of the GATT 1994)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"5G'$5$l$?#E#C2CLA9q$Nr$K0cH?$7$J$$$H7kO@$7$?!#-!4Z9q$O!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1!%#1>r$N!VBh;0>r$N#25Z$S#4$K7G$2$i$l$k$9$Y$F$N;v9`(B(all matters referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III)$B!W$H$$$&J88@$r:,5r$K#T#D#M5,B'$,#G#A#T#T#1!%#1>r$NBP>]$H$J$k$Hr5Z$S#3!%#4>r$N]$K4X$9$k@)8B!J$9$J$o$A#G#A#T#T#3!%#8>r(B(b)$B!K$H$"$o$;$F2rr(B(b)$B$K$h$j#G#A#T#T#3!%#4>r$NBP>]$H$J$i$J$$Ar$N!VBh;0>r$N#25Z$S#4$K7G$2$i$l$k$9$Y$F$N;v9`!W$H$$$&J88@$r0J$C$F$7$F$b!K#G#A#T#T#1!%#1>r$NBP>]$H$J$j$($J$$$H2r$5$l$k(B(7.81-84)$B!"-"#G#A#T#T$N5/Ap2aDx$d#G#A#T#T%Q%M%k$+$i$b!"-!$N2r(7.85-90)$B!#(B

 

$B#4!%(B$B#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r$K4p$E$/(Claim under Article 32.1 of the SCM Agreement)

$B#T#D#M5,B'$O#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r$N!VFCDj$N!WA(Whether the TDM Regulation constitutes $B!H(Bspecific$B!I(B action within the meaning of Article 32.1 of the SCM Agreement)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r$N!VFCDj$NA(specific action)$B!W$KAjEv$9$k$HG'$a$?!#-!(BUS – Offset Act (Byrd Amendment)$B>e5i0QJs9p$K$h$l$P!"!VFCDj$NA(be inextricably linked to, or have a strong correlation with, the constituent elements of dumping or a subsidy)$B!W$$$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B(7.108-113)$B!"-"#T#D#M5,B'$O!"4Z9q@/I\$,8rIU$7$?Jd=u6b$KL@<(E*$K$O8@5Z$7$F$$$J$$$b$N$N!"!V0-1F6A(B(adverse effects)$B!W!"!V(material injury)$B!W!"!VCx$7$$32(B(serious prejudice)$B!W$H$$$C$?Aj;&A]$H$J$kJd=u6b(B(actionable subsidies)$B$N1F6A$K4X$9$k#S#C#M6(Dj>e$NMQ8l$rMQ$$$F$*$j!"$^$?#T#D#M5,B'$O4Z9q$NJd=u6b$K4X$9$kKG0W>c325,B'(B(Trade Barriers Regulation)$BD4::$K4p$E$$$F5/Ap$5$l$F$*$j!"#T#D#M5,B'$NBP>]$,4Z9q$NJd=u6b$K4X$9$k>Z5r$r85$K7hDj$5$l$?$3$H$OL@$i$+$G$"$k(B(7.114-124)$B!"-##T#D#M5,B'$O!"#E#C$,4Z9q$NB$A%Jd=u6b$K$D$$$F#W#T#OJ6Ah=hM}@)EY$KIUBw$7$F0J9_$=$NJ6Ah$,2r7h$9$k$^$G1?MQ$5$l$k$H$J$C$F$*$j!"$3$N$3$H$O#T#D#M5,B'$,#W#T#OJ6Ah=hM}$NBP>]$H$5$l$?4Z9q$NJd=u6b$KBP$7$F$H$i$l$?A(7.127-129)$B!"-$$5$i$K!"#T#D#M5,B'@)Dj$NGX7J$K$"$kB$A%LdBj$K4X$9$k4Z9q!&#E#C9g0U$O!"4Z9q$NJd=u6b$K4X$9$kLsB+$r4^$`$b$N$G$"$k$7!"$^$?2>$K$3$N9g0U$,Jd=u6b$H4X78$N$J$$$b$N$G$"$C$F$b$@$+$i$H$$$C$F#T#D#M5,B'$,Jd=u6b$H4X78$J$$$H$_$J$9$3$H$O$G$-$J$$(B(7.130-134)$B!"-%#T#D#M5,B'$,Jd=u6b$H4X78$7$F$$$k$H$7$F!"$=$N4X78$,!VL)@\IT2DJ,$K4XO"$7$F$$$k$+6/$$Aj8_4X78$rM-$7$F!W$$$k$H$$$($k$+$K$D$$$F!"(B(i)$B4Z9qB$A%=j$H$N4V$K7@Ls$r$a$0$k6%Ah$,$"$k>l9g$K$N$_=u@.$,G'$a$i$l$k!"(B(ii)$B#T#D#M5,B'$NBP>]$O4Z9q$NB$A%=j$N$&$AJd=u6b$r(iii)$B#T#D#M5,B'$O#W#T#O$KIUBw$5$l$?J6Ah$,2r7h$9$k$+4Z9q$,B$A%LdBj$K4X$9$k9g0U$r(iv)$BK\7o$O(BUS – 1916 Act$B$d(BUS – Offset Act (Byrd Amendment)$B$N;vNc$H0[$J$j%1!<%9$4$H$N%@%s%T%s%0$dJd=u6b$NG'Dj$,$"$k$o$1$G$O$J$$$b$N$N!"$=$N$h$&$J%1!<%9$4$H$NG'Dj$OI,$:$7$bI,MW$G$O$J$/!"K\7o$K$*$$$F#E#C$O;vA0$K(B(ex ante)$BJd=u6b$NG'Dj$r9T$C$?$H9M$($k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#$7$?$,$C$F!"#T#D#M5,B'$HJd=u6b$O6/$$Aj8_4X78$rM-$7L)@\$K4XO"$7$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B(7.138-143)$B!#(B

$B#T#D#M5,B'$O#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r$NJd=u6b$K!VBP$9$k!WFCDj$NA(Whether the TDM Regulation constitutes specific action $B!H(Bagainst$B!I(B a subsidy within the meaning of Article 32.1 of the SCM Agreement)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"r$N0UL#$G$NJd=u6b$K!VBP$9$k!WFCDj$NAUS – Offset Act (Byrd Amendment)$B>e5i0QJs9p$K$h$l$P!"$"$kA(whether the design and structure of the measure has the effect of dissuading the practice of dumping or subsidization, or creates an incentive to terminate such practices)$B$rI>2A$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$:!"$^$?!V7ABV$d9=B$!W$rJ,@O$9$k:]$K$O309q$N@8;:!W$,$"$k$+(B(the existence of a "transfer of financial resources" between foreign producers/exporters and their domestic competitors)$B$KCmL\$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B(7.155-160)$B!"-">e5-$N$h$&$K!VBP$9$k!W$r69$/2rr$N#I#T#O8r>D$+$iB3$/Nr;KE*E83+$K>H$i$7$F$b;Y;}$5$l$k(B(7.161-163)$B!"-#0J>e$h$j!"B>$N2CLA9q$NJd=u6b$KBP$7$F(B(in response to)$B8rIU$5$l$kBP93E*$JJd=u6b$O$=$l$N$_$G$OJd=u6b$K!VBP$9$k(B(against)$B!WFCDj$NA$BDI2CE*(B$BMWAG$,G'$a$i$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B(7.164)$B!"-$K\7o$K$*$$$F!"4Z9q$O!"(B(i)$B#E#C$NJd=u6b$O4Z9q$NB$A%=j$,Jd=u6b$K$h$C$FF@$?6%AhNO$r(ii)$B#T#D#M5,B'$O4Z9q$NJd=u6b8rIUDd;_$N%$%s%;%s%F%#%V$r6/$a$h$&$H$9$k$b$N$G$"$k!"(B(iii)$B2$=#0Q0w2q$NEv6I(7.165-171)$B!#(B

$B0J>e$h$j%Q%M%k$O!"#T#D#M5,B'!"$"$k$$$O%G%s%^!<%/!"%U%i%s%9!"%I%$%D!"%*%i%s%@!"%9%Z%$%s$G#T#D#M5,B'$K4p$E$-:NMQ$5$l$?=u@.@)EY5Z$S$=$l$r>5G'$9$k2$=#0Q0w2q$N7hDj$O#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$J$$$H7kO@$7$?(B(7.172-173)$B!#(B

 

$B#5!%#D#S#U#2#3>r$K4p$E$/(Claim under Article 23 of the DSU)

$B#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r(B(Article 23.1)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"5G'$9$k2$=#0Q0w2q$N7hDj$O!"#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k$H7kO@$7$?!#-!#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r$N5AL3$NHO0O$N2r(seek the redress of a violation$B!D(B)$B!W$N0UL#$,=EMW$H$J$k$,!"$=$b$=$b#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r$rE,MQ$9$k$?$a$K$O#W#T#O6(Dj$N0cH?$,$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B(7.187-188)$B!"-"!V@'@5!W$H$$$&8@MU$K$O!"Be=~$d>y5v$NDd;_$N$_$J$i$:!"(BUS – Certain EC Products$B%Q%M%k$,=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"!V#W#T#O0cH?$N>u67$r5_:Q$7$h$&$H$7$F0cH?9q$K8~$1$i$l$k9T0Y!W(B($B!H(Breaction against another Member, because of a perceived (or WTO determined) WTO violation, with a view to remedying the situation$B!I(B)$B$r9-$/4^$`$H2r$5$l$k(B(7.189)$B!"-#$^$?#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r$,!VB?3QE*BN@)$N6/2=(B(Strengthening of the Multilateral System)$B!W$rL\E*$H$7$F$$$k$H$$$&E@$d#D#S#U$,$5$^$6$^$J7A$N5_:Q(B(remedy)$B$r5,Dj$7$F$$$k$H$$$&E@!"$5$i$K#D#S#U$N5,B'5Z$S(have recourse)$B!W$H$$$&(B$B0lHLE*$J(B$B5AL3$r5,Dj$7$F$$$kE@$+$i!"#2#3!%#1>r$NE,MQBP>]$O#2#3!%#2>r$KNs5s$5$l$F$$$k0lJ}E*9T0Y$N;vNc$K8B$i$l$:(B(Article 23.1 constitutes an independent obligation not limited in scope to the particular instances of unilateral conduct identified in Article 23.2)$B!"2CLA9q$,#D#S#U$K$h$C$FF@$i$l$k$O$:$N5_:Q$r!"#D#S#U$N5,B'$d(must apply to any act whereby a Member seeks to obtain unilaterally results that can be achieved via the remedies of the DSU through means other than recourse to the DSU)$B$H2r$5$l$k(B(7.190-191)$B!"-$0J>e$h$j!"2CLA9q$,#W#T#O6(Dj$K4X$9$kJ6Ah$rB>$N9q:]J6Ah=hM}@)EY$KIUBw$7$?>l9g$N$_$J$i$:!"#D#S#U$K$h$C$FF@$i$l$k$O$:$N5_:Q$r0lJ}E*$KF@$h$&$H$7$?>l9g$K$b!"#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r$N0cH?$H$J$k(B(This requirement is violated not only when Members submit a dispute concerning rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement to an international dispute settlement body outside the WTO framework but also when Members act unilaterally to seek to obtain the results that can be achieved through the remedies of the DSU) (7.193-195)$B!"-%(BUS – Certain EC-Products$B%Q%M%kJs9p$+$i$b<(:6$5$l$k$h$&$K!"!V0cH?!D$K$D$$$F$N@'@5$r5a$a$k!W$H$$$&J88@$O!"#W#T#O6(Dj0cH?$H;W$o$l$kB>$N2CLA9q$NA$N2CLA9q$K$h$kBe=~$r5a$a$?$j!"$"$k$$$O>y5v$d#W#T#O6(Dj>e$N$=$NB>$N5AL3$rDd;_$7$?$j$9$k$3$H$K$h$j!"8"Mx5AL3$N%P%i%s%9$r2sI|$7$h$&$H$9$k$$$+$J$k9T0Y$bBP>]$H$7$F$$$k(B(the phrase "seek the redress of a violation..." covers any act of a Member in response to what it considers to be a violation of a WTO obligation by another Member whereby the first Member attempts to restore the balance of rights and obligations by seeking the removal of the WTO-inconsistent measure, by seeking compensation from the other Member, or by suspending concessions or obligations under the WTO Agreement in relation to that Member)$B!"-&B>J}$G!"!V0cH?!D$K$D$$$F@'@5$r5a$a$k!W$H$$$&J88@$O!"#W#T#O6(Dj0cH?$N9T0Y$N7k2L<+9qNN0hFb$Nl9g$O4^$^$J$$!#$?$@$7!"$=$N$h$&$J9T0Y$,#W#T#O6(Dj0cH?$N9T0Y$r9T$C$?2CLA9q$N9T0Y$K1F6A$rM?$($k$3$H$r0U?^$7$F$$$J$$$3$H$r>r7o$H$9$k(B(the concept of "seeking the redress of a violation" does not encompass the situation where a Member takes actions to compensate or attenuate the harm caused to actors within the aggrieved Member as a result of the allegedly WTO-consistent action, provided those actions are not designed to influence the conduct of the Member taking the allegedly WTO-inconsistent action, as outlined in the preceding paragraph)(7.197)$B!"-'>y5v$d$=$NB>$N5AL3$NDd;_$rH<$o$J$$Ar$NBP>]$H$J$i$J$$$H$$$&#E#C$N(7.198-203)$B!"-(#E#C$O!"#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r$H%&%#!<%s>rLsK!>rLs#6#0>r$d9q:]K!>e$N!VBP93Ar$KFI$_9~$`K!E*:,5r$O$J$$(B(the Panel can see no basis for using these concepts to read into Article 23.1 a limitation that is unsupported by an interpretation based on its text, context and object and purpose)(7.204-205)$B!"-)#E#C$O!"#D#S#U#3!%#2>r$K0M5r$7$D$D!"#D#S#U$O!V#W#T#O6(Dj>e$N8"Mx5AL3$rB;$J$&Ar$OK\7o$NLdBj$K$O4X78$J$$(B(7.206)$B!"-*K\7o$N;v(7.209-214)$B!"-+$5$i$K!"#T#D#M5,B'$O#W#T#OJ6Ah=hM}]$H$J$C$?9T0Y(B$B!J4Z9q$NJd=u6b8rIU!K$rJQ99$9$k%$%s%;%s%F%#%V$r@8$_=P$7$F$$$k$3$H$+$i!"#E#C$O8"Mx5AL3$N%P%i%s%9$N2sI|$r5a$a$F$$$?$HG'$a$i$l$k(B(7.215-218)$B!#(B

 

$B#D#S#U#2#3!%#2>r(B(Article 23.2)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"$9$G$K#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r0cH?$rG'Dj$7$?$?$a!"AJ>Y7P:Q$N4QE@$+$i!"K\7oAr@09g@-$K$D$$$F$OH=CG$7$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(7.225-227)$B!#(B

 

$B#6!%#S#C#M6(Dj#4>r5Z$S#7>r$K4p$E$/(Claims under Articles 4 and 7 of the SCM Agreement)

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"$9$G$K#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r0cH?$rG'Dj$7$?$?$a!"AJ>Y7P:Q$N4QE@$+$i!"K\7oAr5Z$S#7>r@09g@-$K$D$$$F$OH=CG$7$J$$$H=R$Y$?(B(7.230-231)$B!#(B

 

 

*$B%Q%M%k$N7kO@5Z$S4+9p(B

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(b) $B#T#D#M5,B'$H4XO"$9$k#E#C2CLA9q$NA5G'$9$k2$=#0Q0w2q$N7hDj$O!"#1#9#9#4G/$N#G#A#T#T#1!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!#(B

(c) $B#T#D#M5,B'$H4XO"$9$k#E#C2CLA9q$NA5G'$9$k2$=#0Q0w2q$N7hDj$O!"#S#C#M6(Dj#3#2!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$J$$!#(B

(d) $B#T#D#M5,B'$H4XO"$9$k#E#C2CLA9q$NA5G'$9$k2$=#0Q0w2q$N7hDj$O!"#D#S#U#2#3!%#1>r$K0cH?$7$F$$$k!#(B

(e) $B#D#S#U#2#3!%#2>r(B(a)$B!"(B(b)$B!"(B(c)$B$H#S#C#M6(Dj#4>r5Z$S#7>r$K4p$E$/4Z9q$N

 

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#D#S#U!JJ6Ah2r7hN;2r!K#3!%#8>r$K4p$E$-!"K\7oAr0cH?$K$h$j#E#C$O4Z9q$N6(Dj>e$NMx1W$rL58z2=!&?/32$7$F$$$k$H=R$Y$?!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O!"#D#S#B$,#E#C$KBP$7$FK\7oAe$N5AL3$KE,9g$5$;$k$3$H$r5a$a$k$h$&4+9p$7$?!#(B

$B!!%Q%M%k$O$^$?!"$9$G$K<:8z$7$?@)EY$K$D$$$F$O!"$3$l$i$,0z$-B3$-5!G=$9$k>l9g$r=|$-!"4+9p$NBP>]$H$J$i$J$$(B(its recommendation does not apply to the schemes that have expired, except to the extent that those schemes continue to be operational)$B$H=R$Y$?!#(B

 

 

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